Table 2.
The baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Variables | HC group (n = 48) | MHO group (n = 99) | MUO group (n = 31) | F/H ratio | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 40.42 ± 13.14 | 41.43 ± 10.06 | 45.48 ± 12.18 | 5.708 | 0.058 |
| Sex (n, %) | 1.558 | 0.459 | |||
| Male | 19 (25.7) | 39 (52.7) | 16 (21.6) | ||
| Female | 29 (27.9) | 60 (57.7) | 15 (14.4) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.59 ± 1.35 | 28.99 ± 3.33a | 30.69 ± 3.37ab | 127.31 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 79.63 ± 8.14 | 96.35 ± 9.65a | 104.68 ± 7.26ab | 88.02 | < 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.84 ± 0.08 | 0.90 ± 0.08a | 0.96 ± 0.06ab | 24.595 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.37 ± 0.68 | 1.60 ± 1.06 | 2.91 ± 1.65ab | 21.180 | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.26 ± 0.57 | 4.52 ± 1.00 | 4.92 ± 0.95ab | 5.192 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.55 ± 0.35 | 1.48 ± 0.50 | 1.07 ± 0.36ab | 12.679 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.41 (2.01, 2.41) | 2.41 (1.56, 2.87) | 2.93 (2.24, 3.66)ab | 11.973 | 0.003 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.80 ± 0.80 | 5.15 ± 0.81 | 5.79 ± 2.24ab | 6.641 | 0.002 |
| FINS | 8.62 ± 2.39 | 10.07 ± 4.19a | 11.29 ± 6.09a | 4.034 | 0.019 |
| Homa-IR | 1.86 ± 0.66 | 2.32 ± 1.03a | 2.90 ± 1.75ab | 8.315 | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 110.25 ± 16.97 | 113.55 ± 18.14 | 128.84 ± 18.12ab | 11.34 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 69.52 ± 10.44 | 72.82 ± 10.82 | 82.84 ± 11.47ab | 14.93 | < 0.001 |
| Inflammatory cytokine | |||||
| LEP | 8.16 (6.48, 9.86) | 8.35 (8.18,17.48)a | 8.20 (8.15, 14.98) | 16.602 | < 0.001 |
| ADP | 697.40 (345.57, 794.12) | 680.54 (241.56, 838.22) | 710.62 (104.56, 843.59) | 0.160 | 0.916 |
aIndicates a significant difference compared with the HC group.
bIndicates a significant difference compared with the MHO group.