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. 2023 Oct 18;13:17718. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43550-8

Table 2.

The baseline characteristics of the participants.

Variables HC group (n = 48) MHO group (n = 99) MUO group (n = 31) F/H ratio P value
Age (years) 40.42 ± 13.14 41.43 ± 10.06 45.48 ± 12.18 5.708 0.058
Sex (n, %) 1.558 0.459
 Male 19 (25.7) 39 (52.7) 16 (21.6)
 Female 29 (27.9) 60 (57.7) 15 (14.4)
BMI (kg/m2) 21.59 ± 1.35 28.99 ± 3.33a 30.69 ± 3.37ab 127.31 < 0.001
WC (cm) 79.63 ± 8.14 96.35 ± 9.65a 104.68 ± 7.26ab 88.02 < 0.001
WHR 0.84 ± 0.08 0.90 ± 0.08a 0.96 ± 0.06ab 24.595 < 0.001
TG (mmol/L) 1.37 ± 0.68 1.60 ± 1.06 2.91 ± 1.65ab 21.180 < 0.001
TC (mmol/L) 4.26 ± 0.57 4.52 ± 1.00 4.92 ± 0.95ab 5.192 < 0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L) 1.55 ± 0.35 1.48 ± 0.50 1.07 ± 0.36ab 12.679 < 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L) 2.41 (2.01, 2.41) 2.41 (1.56, 2.87) 2.93 (2.24, 3.66)ab 11.973 0.003
FPG (mmol/L) 4.80 ± 0.80 5.15 ± 0.81 5.79 ± 2.24ab 6.641 0.002
FINS 8.62 ± 2.39 10.07 ± 4.19a 11.29 ± 6.09a 4.034 0.019
Homa-IR 1.86 ± 0.66 2.32 ± 1.03a 2.90 ± 1.75ab 8.315 < 0.001
Blood pressure
 SBP (mmHg) 110.25 ± 16.97 113.55 ± 18.14 128.84 ± 18.12ab 11.34 < 0.001
 DBP (mmHg) 69.52 ± 10.44 72.82 ± 10.82 82.84 ± 11.47ab 14.93 < 0.001
Inflammatory cytokine
 LEP 8.16 (6.48, 9.86) 8.35 (8.18,17.48)a 8.20 (8.15, 14.98) 16.602 < 0.001
 ADP 697.40 (345.57, 794.12) 680.54 (241.56, 838.22) 710.62 (104.56, 843.59) 0.160 0.916

aIndicates a significant difference compared with the HC group.

bIndicates a significant difference compared with the MHO group.