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. 2023 Sep 15;53(5-6):404–415. doi: 10.1007/s10519-023-10152-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — LD Score genetic correlations and heritability estimates for the seven indicator phenotypes of the single-factor models of EXT and EXT-minus-23andMe (see Step 1). The left panel displays the analysis of the original study with 23andMe data, the middle panel displays the down-sampled analysis excluding 23andMe data, and the right panel displays the difference in estimates computed by subtracting the values in the middle panel from those in the left panel. The lower and upper triangles display pairwise genetic correlation (r_g) estimates and standard errors, respectively. The diagonals display the observed-scale heritability (h²; see Table 1 for standard errors). These results are also reported in Table S1. ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ALCP problematic alcohol use; CANN lifetime cannabis use; FSEX age at first sexual intercourse (reverse coded); NSEX number of sexual partners; RISK risk tolerance; SMOK lifetime tobacco initiation