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. 2023 Oct 18;13:17757. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44724-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Identification of differentially expressed genes based on the merged osteoarthritis (OA) dataset. (A) boxplot of OA datasets before standardization. (B) boxplot of OA datasets after standardization. (C) PCA plot of OA datasets before batch effect removal. (D) PCA plot of OA datasets after batch effect removal. (E) Distribution of ImmuneScore in High ImmuneScore and Low ImmuneScore groups in OA samples. (F) The volcano map showed the results of differentially expression analysis, with 160 up-regulated genes and 212 down-regulated genes (red represents up-regulated expression, blue represents down-regulated expression). (G) The heatmap shows the expression of DEGs between the High ImmuneScore group and the Low ImmuneScore group. (OA: osteoarthritis).