Table 1.
The descriptive statistics of variables.
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Profitability | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 2. Innovation | −0.34*** | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 3. Advertising | −0.18*** | 0.03 | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | ||||
| 4. Personal Selling | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.18*** | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 5. Sustainability | 0.21*** | 0.02 | −0.14*** | 0.01 | 1.00 | – | – | – | ||||
| 5.1 Environmental Sustainability | −0.03 | −0.08 | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0.65*** | 1.00 | ||||||
| 5.2 Social Sustainability | 0.23*** | 0.08 | −0.14*** | 0.03 | 0.85*** | 0.36*** | 1.00 | |||||
| 5.3 Governance Sustainability | 0.21*** | 0.04 | −0.14*** | 0.04 | 0.68*** | 0.23*** | 0.36*** | 1.00 | ||||
| 6. Ln (Firm Age) | −0.10** | −0.20*** | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.12** | −0.10* | −0.01 | 1.00 | |||
| 7. Ln (Asset Size) | 0.08 | −0.10* | −0.16*** | 0.05 | 0.25*** | 0.39*** | 0.08 | 0.20*** | 0.20*** | 1.00 | ||
| 8. Ln (Total Number of Employees) | 0.05 | −0.10* | −0.17*** | 0.09* | 0.25*** | 0.40*** | 0.08 | 0.16*** | 0.26*** | 0.84*** | 1.00 | |
| 9. Debt to Net Worth Ratio | −0.10* | −0.20*** | −0.004 | 0.08 | −0.10* | 0.049 | −0.12** | −0.06 | 0.15*** | 0.05 | 0.08 | 1.00 |
| Mean | 9.02 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 8.89 | 12.87 | 7.47 | 68.16 |
| Minimum | −55.31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.82 | 10.46 | 4.91 | 201.08 |
| Maximum | 113.06 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9.68 | 16.61 | 10.76 | −708.22 |
| Std. Deviation | 13.35 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.34 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 3298.76 |
| Valid N | 364 | 364 | 364 | 364 | 364 | 364 | 364 | 364 | 364 | 364 | 364 | 364 |
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, and *p < 0.10, two tailed test.