Table 2.

Direct, indirect, and total effects of mobile phone dependence on mental health.

Model pathways	Estimated effect (β)	95% CI
		Lower	Upper
Direct effect
MPD → MH	0.148***	0.000	0.089
Indirect effect
MPD → CF → MH	0.323***	0.272	0.379
MPD → PCR → MH	0.029***	0.013	0.047
MPD → CF → PCR → MH	0.014***	0.006	0.024
Total effect	0.510***	0.451	0.569

^***p < 0.001.

MPD, mobile phone dependence; MH, mental health; CF, cognitive failure; PCR, parent–child relationship.