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. 2023 Oct 5;14:1241068. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241068

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Copyright © 2023 Zeiser, Ringden, Sadeghi, Gonen-Yaacovi and Segurado

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Properties of DSCs. Decidua stromal cells (DSCs) employ a broad array of immunomodulatory mechanisms, produced directly through intrinsic or secreted immunomodulatory and regenerative molecules, such as Galectin-1, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), or indirectly via changes in innate and adaptive immune cells, involving inhibition of T and NK cells and induction of regulatory T cells, polarization of T helper cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages to type 2 phenotype, and inhibition of B cell maturation. This results in benefits to the cytokine profile, including downregulation of the proinflammatory molecules TNF-α, IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme and secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and multiple trophic and regenerative factors. This process results in beneficial tissue repair.