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. 2023 Oct 10;9(10):e20703. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20703

Table 3.

Cross-sectional Dependence tests.

Variables Breusch-Pagan LM Pesaran Scaled LM Pesaran CD
GFDIit 43.646∗∗ (0.231) 23.239∗∗ (0.842) 8.982∗∗ (0.771)
REMit 34.591∗∗ (0.245) 18.423∗∗ (0.622) 6.855∗∗ (0.562)
ODAit 33.125∗∗ (0.311) 23.987∗∗ (0.556) 6.013∗∗ (0.341)
TOit 75.991∗∗ (0.298) 3.868∗∗ (0.479) 9.163∗∗ (0.228)
POPit 80.213∗∗ (0.376) 19.538∗∗ (0.557) 4.267∗∗ (0.375)
INFit 36.091∗∗ (0.344) 6.725∗∗ (0.775) 3.136∗∗ (0.598)
EDUit 23.626∗∗ (0.401) 13.193∗∗ (0.663) 3.295∗∗ (0.387)
HEALTHit 25.663∗∗ (0.443) 12.892∗∗ (0.705) 4.112∗∗ (0.658)
EGit 29.095∗∗ (0.264) 6.993∗∗ (0.499) 3.092∗∗ (0.226)
HDIit 26.458∗∗ (0.193) 74.774∗∗ (0.472) 13.995∗∗ (0.332)

Brackets (.) denotes P-Value, ** denotes 5 % significance level.