Table 4.
Significant indirect effects of air pollution on COVID-19 mediated by obesity traits.
| Exposure | Mediate | Outcome | OR | LCI | UCI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | BMI | Susceptibility | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 7.41E-03 |
| OB1 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 2.05E-02 | ||
| WC | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 4.10E-02 | ||
| BMI | Hospitalization | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 6.82E-03 | |
| OB1 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.08 | 1.49E-02 | ||
| WC | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 3.44E-02 | ||
| BMI | Severity | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.09 | 6.82E-03 | |
| OB1 | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 1.55E-02 | ||
| WC | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 3.61E-02 | ||
| NO2 | OB1 | Susceptibility | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 3.87E-02 |
| WC | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 4.16E-02 | ||
| HC | Hospitalization | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 4.92E-02 | |
| OB1 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 3.16E-02 | ||
| WC | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 3.49E-02 | ||
| HC | Severity | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.08 | 4.95E-02 | |
| OB1 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 3.24E-02 | ||
| WC | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 3.67E-02 | ||
| NOx | HC | Susceptibility | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 7.29E-03 |
| OB2 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.62E-02 | ||
| WC | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 5.85E-03 | ||
| WHR | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 2.95E-02 | ||
| HC | Hospitalization | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.07 | 5.35E-03 | |
| OB2 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 5.41E-03 | ||
| WC | 1.06 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 3.26E-03 | ||
| WHR | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 2.33E-02 | ||
| HC | Severity | 1.06 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 5.45E-03 | |
| OB2 | 1.07 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 7.30E-03 | ||
| WC | 1.07 | 1.02 | 1.13 | 3.86E-03 | ||
| WHR | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 4.56E-02 |
Beta = log (OR).
PM2.5, Particulate matter air pollution; NO2, Nitrogen dioxide; NOX, Nitrogen oxides; ASAT, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue; BMI, body mass index; HC, hip circumference; OB1, obesity class 1; OB2, obesity class 2; OB3, obesity class 3; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; UCI, Upper confidence interval; LCI, Lower confidence interval.