Table 2.
Geometric parameters of the ZnO nanoparticles estimates under Debye-Scherrer and three models of Williamson Hall (W–H) (i.e. UDM, USDM, UDEDM, and SSP) methods by using different solvents and various amounts of stabilizer.
|
Method |
ZnO Nanoparticles | Heating Temperatures and Time | Parameter |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size (nm) | strain | Stress (MPa) | U (J/m3) | |||
| Debye-Scherrer | DI water + MEA 15 ml | 120 °C for 1 h | 15.4 | |||
| IPA + MEA 15 ml | 8.04 | |||||
| IPA + MEA 15 ml | 500 °C for 2 h | 34.26 | ||||
| IPA + MEA 7.2 ml | 36.14 | |||||
| IPA + MEA 3.6 ml | 38.18 | |||||
|
UDM |
DI water + MEA 15 ml | 120 °C for 1 h | 17.24 | 1.09 10−3 | ||
| IPA + MEA 15 ml | 7.8 | −4.45 10−4 | ||||
| IPA + MEA 15 ml | 500 °C for 2 h | 46.22 | 1.14 10−3 | |||
| IPA + MEA 7.2 ml | 47.08 | 9.67 10−4 | ||||
| IPA + MEA 3.6 ml | 50.54 | 9.63 10−4 | ||||
|
USDM |
DI water + MEA 15 ml | 120 °C for 1 h | 17.23 | 8.04 10−3 | 135.33 | |
| IPA + MEA 15 ml | 7.86 | 1.76 10−2 | 44.6 | |||
| IPA + MEA 15 ml | 500 °C for 2 h | 45.5 | 1.11 10−3 | 138.19 | ||
| IPA + MEA 7.2 ml | 46.4 | 9.36 10−4 | 117 | |||
| IPA + MEA 3.6 ml | 49.43 | 9.23 10−4 | 115.34 | |||
|
UDEDM |
DI water + MEA 15 ml | 120 °C for 1 h | 17.33 | 8.00 10−3 | 137 | 7.50 104 |
| IPA + MEA 15 ml | 7.83 | 1.77 10−2 | 51.2 | 1.05 104 | ||
| IPA + MEA 15 ml | 500 °C for 2 h | 46.22 | 1.1 10−3 | 141.24 | 7.96 104 | |
| IPA + MEA 7.2 ml | 46.9 | 9.56 10−4 | 120 | 5.72 104 | ||
| IPA + MEA 3.6 ml | 49.52 | 9.47 10−4 | 119 | 5.61 104 | ||
|
SSP |
DI water + MEA | 120 °C for 1 h | 12.89 | 8.96 10−3 | ||
| IPA + MEA | 6.17 | 1.86 10−2 | ||||
| IPA + MEA 15 ml | 500 °C for 2 h | 35.4 | 5.6 10−3 | |||
| IPA + MEA 7.2 ml | 30.8 | 4.19 10−3 | ||||
| IPA + MEA 3.6 ml | 35.91 | 5.27 10−3 | ||||