Table 1.
Description of farmers’ characteristics.
| Variable name (Variable symbol) | Measurement and evaluation | Mean | S. D. | Minimum | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable-Farmers' adoption of green production practice | One or more environment-friendly production practices (Y1) | Do you adopt one or more of the following three environment-friendly production practices (soil testing formula fertilizer, green prevention and control practice, reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and increasing the use of organic fertilizer)?Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.716 | 0.451 | 0 | 1 |
| Two or more environment-friendly production practices (Y2) | Do you adopt two or more of the following three environment-friendly production (soil testing formula fertilizer, green prevention and control practice, reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and increasing the use of organic fertilizer)?Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.502 | 0.500 | 0 | 1 | |
| Green prevention and control practice (yy1) | Do you adopt biological or physical green prevention and control practice? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.511 | 0.500 | 0 | 1 | |
| Soil testing formula fertilizer practice (yy2) | Do you adopt soil testing formula fertilizer practice? Yes = 1; No = 0 |
0.237 | 0.426 | 0 | 1 | |
| chemical fertilizers reduce (yy3) | Do you reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and increase the use of organic fertilizers? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.699 | 0.459 | 0 | 1 | |
| core explanatory variable | Cooperative membership (CM) | Are you a member of a cooperative? Yes = 1; No = 0 |
0.412 | 0.493 | 0 | 1 |
| control variables |
Gender (se) | 1 = male; 0 = female | 0.804 | 0.397 | 0 | 1 |
| Age (ag) | continuous variable | 51.753 | 10.891 | 24 | 82 | |
| Square of age (ag2) | continuous variable | 2796.808 | 1158.245 | 576 | 6724 | |
| Education (edu) | What is your education level? 1 = No education; 2 = primary school; 3 = junior high school; 4 = senior high school or similar; 5 = college or above. |
2.859 | 1.109 | 1 | 5 | |
| Proportion of household farmers (fa) | How many people in your family participate in agricultural production? (Number of farmers/total household population) | 0.430 | 0.274 | 0 | 1 | |
| Operating cultivated land areaa (mu) (lad) | continuous variable | 49.459 | 221.005 | 1 | 3200 | |
| Income (inc) | What was your personal total income last year? Less than 10,000 yuan = 1; More than 10,000 but less than 30,000 = 2; More than 30,000 but less than 50,000 = 3; More than 50,000 but less than 100,000 = 4; More than 100,000 = 5 |
1.950 | 0.892 | 1 | 5 | |
| Difficulty of bank loan (loa) | Do you think it is difficult to borrow money from the bank? 1 = very difficult; 2 = difficult; 3 = general '; 4 = easier; 5 = very easy | 3.045 | 0.862 | 1 | 5 | |
| Social relationship (sr) | Do you have any relatives or friends working in government or banks? Yes = 1; No = 0 | 0.127 | 0.347 | 0 | 3 | |
| Cognition of green product benefits (Cog) |
Do you think green products can achieve high quality and good price? Yes = 1; No = 0 |
0.566 |
0.496 |
0 |
1 |
|
| Instrumental variable | Share of villagers participating in co-operatives (RPC) | What percentage of farmers in the same village participate in cooperatives? No less than 50 % = 1; Less than 50 % = 0 | 0.332 | 0.471 | 0 | 1 |
a
One acre is approximately 667 square meter.