Table 8.
Average treatment effect of cooperative membership on farmers ‘adoption of green production techniques.
| Type of farmers | cooperative memberships(n = 257) | non-cooperative memberships(n = 367) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Probability of adopting green production practice(Y1) |
Farmers are cooperative members | 0.816 | 0.828 |
| Farmers are not members | 0.607 | 0.31 | |
| ATT | 0 .209 | ||
| ATU | 0.518 | ||
| T-value |
10.544*** |
37.358*** |
|
| Probability of adopting green production practice (Y2) |
Farmers are cooperative members | 0.618 | 0.642 |
| Farmers are not members | 0.391 | 0.212 | |
| ATT | 0.227 | ||
| ATU | 0.429 | ||
| T-value |
14.048*** |
40.108** |
|
| Probability of adopting green production practice (yy1) |
Farmers are cooperative members | 0.618 | 0.629 |
| Farmers are not members | 0.424 | 0.28 | |
| ATT | 0.214 | ||
| ATU | 0.349 | ||
| T-value |
18.653*** |
41.039*** |
|
| Probability of adopting green production practice (yy2) |
Farmers are cooperative members | 0.372 | 0.241 |
| Farmers are not members | 0.087 | 0.022 | |
| ATT | 0.285 | ||
| ATU | 0.218 | ||
| T-value |
39.96*** |
42.004*** |
|
| Probability of adopting green production practice (yy3) | Farmers are cooperative members | 0.805 | 0.761 |
| Farmers are not members | 0.533 | 0.339 | |
| ATT | 0.271 | ||
| ATU | 0.422 | ||
| T-value | 17.771*** | 33.739*** |
Notes: ***, **, and * represent significance at the 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % levels, respectively.