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. 2023 Oct 4;13:1282431. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282431

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Bidirectional communication of microbial gut brain axis. The brain, gut, and microbiome constitute three nodes in bidirectional communication. Immune system, vagus nerve system, neuroendocrine system, circulatory system and enteric nervous system are the main ways of bidirectional communication.