Figure 2.

ALDH1A1 promoting tumor progress through the RA pathway

(A and B) The protein expression of ALDH1A1 was increased with the treatment of gemcitabine and cisplatin in T24 and UMUC3 cells. The final concentration of gemcitabine and cisplatin were 0, 0.1 μg/mL, 0.3 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL respectively.

(C) The cell proliferation and growth measured by the MTT assay in T24 cells.

(D) The migration and cell invasive ability was reduced in T24 cell line by knocking down ALDH1A1. Scale bar = 200 μm.

(E) Two stable cells (NC-shRNA and ALDH1A1-shRNA) were analyzed by sphere-forming assay. Scale bar = 100 μm.

(F) Two stable cells (NC-shRNA and ALDH1A1-shRNA) were seeded into the 6-well plates to subject to colony formation analysis.

(G and H) Western blotting analysis of ALDH1A1, RXRα, p-AKT, and β-catenin in T24 cells with different treatments.

(I and J) shALDH1A1 cells were cultured with ATRA gained a stronger ability of proliferation, migration and invasion. Scale bar = 200 μm.

(K and L) p-AKT and β-catenin were upregulated by added ATRA in shALDH1A1 cells by Western blotting. For cell experiments, each experiment was performed at least three times. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by two-sided Student’s t test.