. 2023 Oct 4;7:e46951. doi: 10.2196/46951

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and comparisons of pretest-posttest differences on key measures (N=164).

Variable		Korean American		Vietnamese American		Total		P value for pre-post change
Variable		Pretest	Posttest	Pretest	Posttest	Pretest	Posttest	P value for pre-post change
Attitude item (n=164), mean score^a (SD)
	It is not important to have the HPV vaccination for my child because everyone will eventually die of something anyway.	1.6 (0.6)	1.4 (0.6)	1.9 (1.1)	1.9 (1.2)	1.8 (1)	1.7 (1.1)	.24^b
	It is not necessary to have the HPV vaccination for my child because it is in God’s hands anyway.	2.12 (1)	1.67 (1)	2.29 (1.3)	2.18 (1.2)	2.24 (1.2)	2.03 (1.1)	.02^b
	If nothing is physically wrong, then my child does not need the vaccines.	2.02 (1.1)	1.41 (0.8)	2.32 (1.4)	2.07 (1.2)	2.23 (1.3)	1.87 (1.1)	<.001^b
	It is our obligations to protect girls, so only girls should be vaccinated.	1.52 (0.7)	1.30 (0.6)	2.39 (1.4)	2.75 (1.4)	2.14 (1.3)	2.32 (1.4)	.09^b
	Girls won’t have kids if they are vaccinated.	3.98 (0.6)	4.08 (1)	2.25 (1.2)	2.05 (1.1)	2.78 (1.3)	2.67 (1.4)	.20^b
	It’s shameful to have my child vaccinated because people may think they’re already sexually active at this young age.	1.40 (0.6)	1.17 (0.4)	2.31 (1.4)	1.99 (1.1)	2.05 (1.3)	1.76 (1)	.001^b
Attitude composite score^a (n=164), mean (SD)		2.12 (0.4)	1.84 (0.4)	2.24 (0.9)	2.16 (0.8)	2.21 (0.8)	2.06 (0.7)	.01^b
Vaccination intention and (%) yes responses (n=164), n (%)		43 (86)	45 (90)	60 (52.6)	84 (73.7)	103 (62.8)	128 (79)	<.001^c

^aScale range 1-5. Higher scores on the attitude composite indicate more negative attitudes toward HPV vaccination.

^bPaired-sample t test (df=163).

^cMcNemar test for paired proportions; n=164 pairs.