Table 2. Characteristics of patients stratified by ascending aortic diameter.
| Variables | Control (N=50) |
BAV with nondilated aorta (N=39) | BAV with mildly dilated aorta (N=33) | BAV with moderately dilated aorta (N=32) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 46.16±9.97 | 37.15±12.23! | 50.58±12.01* | 51.72±7.53* |
| Men, n (%) | 32 (64.0) | 31 (79.5) | 25 (75.8) | 22 (68.8) |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 74.08±9.13 | 75.03±8.86 | 76.09±10.96 | 75.16±11.24 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.66±0.17 | 1.64±0.13 | 1.77±0.20!* | 1.69±0.15 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.66±8.00 | 120.03±9.59 | 124.42±9.28 | 129.13±11.21!* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.10±9.06 | 77.85±8.02 | 81.97±6.60 | 84.5±9.61!* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0 (0) | 7 (17.9)! | 10 (30.3)! | 12 (37.5)! |
| Interventricular septum index (cm/m2) | 0.45±0.07 | 0.45±0.09 | 0.46±0.10 | 0.52±0.11!* |
| End-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 55.12±16.13 | 57.24±15.25 | 61.56±12.73 | 63.07±19.71 |
| EF (%) | 65.47±1.54 | 65.32±2.03 | 65.02±1.63 | 64.82±1.36 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 62.42±7.22 | 71.18±10.17! | 78.46±14.26! | 86.07±13.78!* |
| E/A | 1.22±0.21 | 1.23±0.20 | 1.17±0.19 | 1.14±0.22 |
| E/e' average | 7.03±0.94 | 7.11±1.22 | 7.13±0.82 | 7.29±1.54 |
| Ascending aortic diameters index (cm/m2) | 1.87±0.21 | 1.88±0.22 | 2.16±0.26!* | 2.73±0.30!*† |
| Aortic stiffness index (β) | 3.97±0.36 | 3.98±0.33 | 5.12±0.83!* | 7.11±1.04!*† |
| GLS (%) | 22.07±0.53 | 19.62±0.93! | 19.50±0.83! | 19.10±0.94! |
| GWI (mmHg%) | 1,749.34±95.74 | 1,794.95±101.03 | 1,849.85±91.21! | 1,879.78±130.97!* |
| GCW (mmHg%) | 2,096.46±121.29 | 2,106.69±189.60 | 2,181.82±134.60! | 2,199.88±178.70! |
| GWW (mmHg%) | 57.64±15.74 | 79.64±20.21! | 97.48±23.68!* | 121.16±27.32!*† |
| GWE (%) | 96.92±0.75 | 95.77±0.84! | 95.03±0.98!* | 94.16±1.17!*† |
Normally distributed continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± SD. Categorical variables are expressed as absolute values and percentages. !, P<0.05, significantly different from control; *, P<0.05, significantly different from BAV with nondilated aorta; †, P<0.05 significantly different from BAV with mildly dilated aorta. BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; LV, left ventricular; EF, ejection fraction; E, peak early diastolic mitral flow velocity; A, late diastolic mitral inflow velocity; e', peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GWI, global work index; GCW, global constructive work; GWW, global wasted work; GWE, global work efficiency.