Table 1. Baseline demographics and clinical variables of the study population.
| Variables | Non-CMD, N=19 | CMD, N=73 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (years) | 48.8±11.2 | 52.3±11.9 | 0.265 |
| Sex (male) | 12 (63.2) | 40 (54.8) | 0.512 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7±3.9 | 25.6±3.6 | 0.338 |
| HR rest (beats/min) | 65±11 | 69±9 | 0.052 |
| HR stress (beats/min) | 91±18 | 99±15 | 0.036* |
| HR increase (beats/min) | 26±13 | 30±12 | 0.264 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123±9 | 128±17 | 0.272 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73±12 | 77±10 | 0.211 |
| CVD risk factor | |||
| Hypertension | 7 (36.8) | 32(43.8) | 0.583 |
| Diabetes | 4 (21.1) | 17 (23.3) | 0.836 |
| Hypercholesterinemia | 9 (47.4) | 32 (43.8) | 0.783 |
| Smoker | 6 (31.6) | 20 (27.4) | 0.718 |
| Drinking | 6 (31.6) | 18 (24.7) | 0.634 |
| Laboratory and echocardiographic parameter | |||
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 26.7±21.9 | 55.3±65.1 | 0.261 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 101.8±9.1 | 95.6±15.8 | 0.198 |
| cTnI (ng/mL) | 104.7 (96.6, 117.9) | 98.9 (89.3, 104.8) | 0.837 |
| E velocity (cm/s) | 80.3±15.2 | 76.1±18.4 | 0.462 |
| A velocity (cm/s) | 78.6±16.8 | 78.0±20.6 | 0.923 |
| E/A ratio | 1.1±0.2 | 1.0±0.4 | 0.947 |
Data with a skewed distribution are expressed as median (maximum, minimum) values; otherwise, they are expressed as number (percentage) or mean ± SD. *, significant result. CMD, coronary microvascular dysfunction; BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; SD, standard deviation.