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. 2023 Oct 18;23:675. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04367-2

Table 3.

Age-sex adjusted score of healthy ageing among the older adults with exposure to various lifestyle behaviour (smoking, drinking, and physical activity) by socio-demographic characteristics in India, 2017-18

Socio-demographic Characteristics Smoking
Mean HA Score (95% CI)
(N = 8927)
Drinking
Mean HA Score (95% CI)
(N = 2937)
Physical Activity
Mean HA Score (95% CI)
(N = 16,163)
Age Category
60–69 85.4(85.2–85.6) 85.9(85.5–86.2) 85.1(85.0-85.2)
70–79 83.5(83.2–83.8) 84.2(83.7–84.7) 83.7(83.5–83.9)
80+ 80.7(80.1–81.2) 81.4(80.3–82.6) 83.1(82.5–83.6)
Sex
Male 84.7(84.5–84.9) 85.1(84.8–85.4) 85.4(85.2–85.6)
Female 83.8(83.5–84.0) 85.8(85.0-86.5) 84.0(83.9–84.2)
Residence
Rural 84.7(84.5–84.9) 85.5(85.2–85.8) 85.3(85.2–85.5)
Urban 83.5(83.1–83.8) 84.1(83.5–84.7) 83.2(83.0-83.4)
Education (in years)
No Education 84.8(84.6–85.0) 85.9(85.5–86.3) 85.3(85.2–85.5)
Less than 5 84.5(84.1–84.9) 85.4(84.6–86.1) 84.2(83.8–84.5)
5–9 83.8(83.5–84.2) 83.7(83.1–84.3) 83.9(83.7–84.2)
10 & more 83.3(82.8–83.9) 84.5(83.7–85.3) 83.5(83.2–83.8)
Currently Working
No 82.9(82.7–83.1) 83.4(83.0-83.8) 83.3(83.2–83.5)
Yes 86.5(86.2–86.7) 86.9(86.5–87.3) 86.6(86.4–86.8)
Currently Married
No 83.8(83.5–84.2) 84.5(83.9–85.0) 83.7(83.5–83.9)
Yes 84.7(84.5–84.9) 85.4(85.1–85.7) 85.1(84.9–85.2)
Living Arrangement
Living alone 84.1(83.3–84.9) 85.2(83.7–86.6) 83.4(82.9–83.8)
Living with Spouse only 84.8(84.4–85.1) 84.9(84.3–85.5) 84.8(84.5–85.0)
Living with others 84.3(84.2–84.5) 85.3(84.9–85.6) 84.7(84.6–84.8)
MPCE Quintile
Poorest 85.1(84.8–85.5) 86.3(85.7–86.9) 85.5(85.2–85.8)
Poorer 84.9(84.6–85.3) 85.9(85.3–86.6) 85.2(84.9–85.4)
Middle 84.5(84.1–84.9) 85.1(84.5–85.8) 84.8(84.5–85.0)
Richer 84.1(83.7–84.4) 84.7(84.1–85.4) 84.3(84.1–84.6)
Richest 82.8(82.3–83.2) 83.6(82.9–84.2) 83.2(82.9–83.4)
Caste
SC 84.3(83.9–84.7) 85.1(84.5–85.7) 84.8(84.5–85.1)
ST 86.0(85.6–86.3) 86.8(86.2–87.3) 87.0(86.7–87.3)
OBC 84.3(84.1–84.6) 84.5(84.0–85.0) 84.3(84.1–84.5)
Others 83.4(83.0-83.7) 83.8(83.1–84.6) 83.6(83.3–83.8)