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. 2023 Oct 19;23:521. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-04335-0

Table 3.

Odds of having developmental delay among children aged 1- < 6 years according to epidemiological characteristics

Epidemiological characteristics
n  = 21,316
Gross Motor
(GM)
N (%)
412 (1.9)
Fine Motor-adaptive (FMA)
N (%)
435 (2)
Language
(L)
N (%)
904 (4.2)
Personal-Social (PS)
N (%)
681 (3.2)
Children with at least one delay
N (%)
1365 (6.4)
Age categories of Children (years)
 1- < 3 years (n = 8383) 131 (1.6) 70 (0.84) 265 (3.2) 108 (1.3) 349 (4.2)
 3- < 6 years (n = 12,933) 281 (2.2) 365 (2.8) 639 (4.9) 573 (4.4) 1016 (7.9)

  COR Odds (CI)

  3- < 6 years vs. 1- < 3 years

1.40

(1.13–1.72)*

3.45

(2.67–4.46)**

1.59

(1.38–1.84)*

3.55

(2.89–4.37)**

1.96

(1.73–2.22)**

Sex
 Male (n = 11,076) 231 (2.1) 266 (2.4) 595 (5.4) 410 (3.7) 855 (7.7)
 Female (n = 10,240) 181 (1.8) 169 (1.7) 309 (3) 271 (2.6) 510 (5)

  COR males/Females

  CI

1.18

(0.97–1.44)

1.47

(1.21–1.78)*

1.83

(1.59–2.10) *

1.41

(1.21–1.65)**

1.60

(1.43–1.79)**

Mother’s age at giving birth (years)
  < 18 years (n = 891) 19 (2.1) 14 (1.6) 44 (4.9) 35 (3.9) 74 (8.3)
 18 to < 35 years (n = 18,382) 341 (1.9) 361 (2) 767 (4.2) 569 (3.1) 1156 (6.3)
  > 35 years (n = 1939) 45 (2.3) 54 (2.8) 83 (4.3) 71 (3.7) 124 (6.4)

  COR ≥ 35 vs. < 18

  CI

1.09

(0.63–1.88)

1.80

(0.10–3.25)

0.86

(0.59–1.25)

0.93

(0.62–1.40)

0.75

(0.56–1.02)

  COR 18- < 35 vs. < 18

  CI

0.87

(0.54–1.38)

1.26

(0.73–2.15)

0.84

(0.61–1.15)

0.78

(0.55–1.11)

0.75

(0.58–0.95)*

  COR 18- < 35 vs. ≥ 35

  CI

0.80

(0.58–1.09)

0.70

(0.52–0.93)*

0.97

(0.77–1.23)

0.84

(0.65–1.08)

0.98

(0.81–1.19)

 No mother (n = 109) 7 (6.4) 6 (5.5) 10 (9.2) 7 (6.4) 12 (11)
  COR single father vs. both parents at home

3.91

(1.80–8.48)*

3.13

(1.36–7.18)**

2.55

(1.32–4.93)**

2.09

(0.97–4.51)

1.82

(0.99–3.32)

 No father (n = 870) 16 (1.8) 24 (2.8) 50 (5.7) 34 (3.9) 62 (7.1)
  COR single mother vs. both parents at home (CI)

0.95

(0.57–1.57)

1.38

(0.91–2.099)

1.34

(1.04–1.88) *

1.24

(0.88–1.77)

1.13

(0.87–1.47)

* p-value significant at < 0.05

** p-value highly sig at < 0.01