Table 2.
Association between long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 and cause-specific mortality in the city of Ancona during 2013–2017 period using different levels of adjustment
| Mortality | Model 1a | Model 2a | Model 3a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pollutant | %change | 95%CI | %change | 95%CI | %change | 95%CI | ||||
| Natural (5,584) | PM10 | 13 | 4.6 | 22.6 | 2.3 | -0.8 | 5.6 | 1.9 | -1.2 | 5.2 |
| PM2.5 | 17.5 | 5.9 | 31.5 | 3.1 | -1.1 | 7.5 | 2.5 | -1.6 | 6.9 | |
| NO2 | 15.6 | 4.5 | 28 | 3.9 | -0.5 | 8.6 | 3.1 | -1.3 | 7.7 | |
| Cardiovascular (2,051) | PM10 | 18.8 | 7 | 32.9 | 4.9 | -0.3 | 10.7 | 4.8 | -0.5 | 10.6 |
| PM2.5 | 25.9 | 9.2 | 47.2 | 6.8 | -0.3 | 14.9 | 6.5 | -0.6 | 14.6 | |
| NO2 | 23.2 | 7.8 | 40.8 | 8.1 | 0.6 | 16.2 | 7.6 | 0.1 | 15.6 | |
| Respiratory (395) | PM10 | 10 | -7.8 | 35.3 | -0.5 | -9.2 | 10.1 | -1 | -9.7 | 9.5 |
| PM2.5 | 13.6 | -10.1 | 51.5 | -0.3 | -11.6 | 14.2 | -1.3 | -12.4 | 13.2 | |
| NO2 | 14.5 | -10.9 | 47.2 | 2.8 | -10.4 | 18 | 0.9 | -12.2 | 16 | |
| Cancer (1,594) | PM10 | 6.2 | -2.4 | 16.4 | 0.2 | -4.9 | 5.8 | -0.3 | -5.3 | 5.3 |
| PM2.5 | 8.1 | -3.3 | 22.5 | 0.2 | -6.3 | 7.8 | -0.4 | -6.9 | 7 | |
| NO2 | 6.7 | -5.2 | 20.1 | 0.2 | -7 | 8.1 | -0.4 | -7.6 | 7.4 | |
| Lung cancer (278) | PM10 | 17.1 | -2.5 | 44.7 | 13.8 | 1.3 | 29.4 | 11.9 | -0.2 | 26.9 |
| PM2.5 | 22.8 | -3.9 | 65 | 18.3 | 1.1 | 41.2 | 15.3 | -1.1 | 37.2 | |
| NO2 | 16.5 | -9 | 49.1 | 13.8 | -2.7 | 33.1 | 11.1 | -5 | 29.9 | |
The results are expressed as percent change of risk and relative 95% confidence interval (95%CI) per 5 mg/m3 increases in the pollutants
Footnotes: NO2 nitrogen dioxide, PM particulate matter
aModel 1: crude Association with no adjustment; Model 2: adjustment for age and sex; Model 3: model 2 + socioeconomic position indicator