Table 5.

Model comparison of risk variables related to particular pathogens

Risk factors/Scores	60-B-r-I-NG risk score	The IDSA and ATS 2019 [1]	Aliberti score [21]	Shorr score [22]	Shindo score [23]	ARUC score [24]	Tree-structured prediction analysis [25]	Schreiber score [26]	Park score [27]	Score to PES [28]	Resistant bacterial pneumonia risk score [29]	Song tool (HDAP) [30]
Pathogens	PA	MRSA and PA	MDR	MRSA, PA, and ESBL-E	Drug resistanta	MRSA, S. maltophilia, ESBL-E or CRE	MRSA and PA	MRSA, PA, and ESBL-E	PDRb	PA, ESBL-E, and MRSA	MRSA, PA, and ESBL-E	MDR
NG tube feeding prior to admission	✓				✓				✓
Bronchiectasis	✓									✓	✓
Immunocompromised status	✓		✓					✓			✓
Other chronic respiratory diseasesc	✓
Prior respiratory isolation of MRSA or P. aeruginosa		✓
Recent hospitalization (last 90 d)		✓		✓		✓			✓		✓	✓
Receipt of parenteral antibiotics		✓ last 90 d	✓ Last 90 d		✓ Last 90 d	✓ Last 30 d	✓ Last 6 m	✓ Last 30 d	✓ Last 30 d	✓ Last 30 d
Cerebrovascular disease			✓
Diabetes			✓
COPD			✓							✓
Wound care within 30 d			✓						✓		✓
Chemotherapy within 30 d									✓
Home infusion therapy			✓								✓
Chronic kidney disease			✓							✓
Nursing home or LTC facility				✓		✓		✓	✓		✓
Chronic hemodialysis/ chronic dialysis				✓		✓			✓		✓	✓
Admitted to the ICU within 24 h				✓
Use of gastric acid-suppressive agents					✓
Nonambulatory status					✓
Bilateral pulmonary infiltration						✓
Pleural effusion						✓
PaO2/FiO2 < 300						✓
The Activity of Daily Living score							✓
Age ≥ 40										✓
Male										✓
Altered mental status										✓
Severe pneumonia											✓
PSI > 147												✓

COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRE Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ESBL-E Extended spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae, HDAP Hemodialysis-associated pneumonia, ICU Intensive care unit, LTC Long-term care, MDR Multidrug resistant, MRSA Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, NG tube Nasogastric tube, PA P. aeruginosa, PDR Potentially drug-resistant, PSI Pneumonia severity index

^aMethicillin-resistant S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae that were not susceptible to beta-lactams (ceftriaxone or ampicillin-sulbactam), macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin), and fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, or garenoxacin)

^bMethicillin-resistant S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae

^cAtelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung bleb