Skip to main content
. 2023 Oct 19;23:2040. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16907-x

Table 3.

Factors associated with wasting among boys and girls in children 0–59 months, EDHS 2000–2016

Variables Boys (n = 17,112) Girls (n = 16,471)
Wasting proportion (%) Unadjusted OR (95%CI) p-value Wasting proportion (%) Unadjusted OR (95%CI) p-value
Child factors
Age (months)
   < 6 15.76 2.21 (1.89–2.59) p < 0.001 12.98 2.01 (1.69–2.37) p < 0.001
  6–11 19.57 2.73 (2.35–3.17) p < 0.001 15.05 2.32 (1.98–2.73) p < 0.001
  12–23 18.13 2.29 (2.02–2.61) p < 0.001 12.67 1.89 (1.66–2.18) p < 0.001
  24–35 10.35 1.32 (1.14–1.51) p < 0.001 7.70 1.01 (0.86–1.19) 0.849
  36–59 7.02 Ref. 7.44 Ref.
Birth order
  Firstborn 10.99 0.72 (0.63–0.83) p < 0.001 7.88 0.74 (0.64–0.86) p < 0.001
  2–4 11.45 0.87 (0.78–0.96) p < 0.001 9.92 0.85 (0.76–0.95) 0.004
  5 or higher 12.90 Ref. 10.84 Ref.
Birth interval
   < 33 months 11.77 Ref. 9.74 Ref.
   ≥ 33 months 12.31 0.99 (0.89–1.09) 0.896 10.33 1.04 (0.92–1.15) 0.516
Size of a child at birth
  Larger 9.46 Ref. 7.71 Ref.
  Average 11.59 1.27 (1.14–1.43) p < 0.001 8.92 1.12 (0.97–1.28) 0.119
  Small 16.03 1.87 (1.66–2.11) p < 0.001 12.81 1.81 (1.58–2.07) p < 0.001
Currently breastfeeding
  Yes 13.32 Ref. 10.72 Ref.
  No 8.09 0.68 (0.61–0.76) p < 0.001 7.55 0.69 (0.62–0.78) p < 0.001
Early initiation of breastfeeding
  Yes 12.70 1.05 (0.94–1.16) 0.370 10.08 Ref.
  No 14.08 Ref. 10.87 1.02 (0.91–1.15) 0.682
Full vaccination
  Yes 10.76 Ref. 6.88 Ref.
  No 13.25 1.48 (1.30–1.69) p < 0.001 10.91 1.82 (1.57–2.12) p < 0.001
Diarrhea
  Yes 17.11 1.61 (1.44–1.81) p < 0.001 14.54 1.67 (1.48–1.89) p < 0.001
  No 10.82 Ref. 8.98 Ref.
Fever
  Yes 16.95 1.49 (1.34–1.65) p < 0.001 13.19 1.63 (1.45–1.83) p < 0.001
  No 10.63 Ref. 9.10 Ref.
Parental factors
Mother's age
   < 18 15.22 1.55 (0.95–2.51) 0.075 8.99 1.24 (0.75–2.05) 0.400
  18–24 12.72 1.05 (0.92–1.19) 0.459 9.85 0.98 (0.85–1.114) 0.857
  25–34 11.35 0.95 (0.85–1.07) 0.430 9.58 0.89 (0.79–1.01) 0.076
   ≥ 35 12.28 Ref. 10.72 Ref.
Mother's education
  No education 12.82 1.58 (1.41–1.76) p < 0.001 10.97 1.58 (1.39–1.79) p < 0.001
  Primary and above 9.57 Ref. 7.09 Ref.
Mother's occupation
  Not working 11.80 Ref. 9.98 Ref.
  Non agriculture 10.67 0.73 (0.64–0.82) p < 0.001 7.90 0.75 (0.65–0.86) p < 0.001
  Agriculture 13.11 0.95 (0.85–1.06) 0.356 11.24 1.10 (0.98–1.24) 0.100
Maternal stature
  Normal/Tall 11.36 Ref. 9.72 Ref.
  Short 12.73 1.08 (0.98–1.19) 0.387 10.13 0.96 (0.86–1.07) 0.536
  Very short 14.65 1.15 (0.84–1.58) 0.126 11.83 0.83 (0.57–1.23) 0.371
Listening to radio
  Yes 9.78 Ref. 8.17 Ref.
  Not at all 13.05 1.47 (1.32–1.63) p < 0.001 10.83 1.59 (1.42–1.79) p < 0.001
Watching television
  Yes 8.80 Ref. 6.19 Ref.
  Not at all 12.62 1.86 (1.62–2.14) p < 0.001 10.71 1.98 (1.69–2.32) p < 0.001
Household factors
Wealth index
  Poor 14.23 Ref. 11.11 Ref.
  Middle 10.27 0.68 (0.58–0.81) p < 0.001 10.28 0.86 (0.72–1.02) 0.094
  Rich 7.66 0.49 (0.43–0.57) p < 0.001 6.61 0.53 (0.45–0.61) p < 0.001
Household size
  1–4 12.52 0.91 (0.82–1.02) 0.102 8.79 0.84 (0.74–0.95) 0.005
   ≥ 5 11.76 Ref. 10.27 Ref.
Toilet facility
  Improved 9.60 Ref. 6.68 Ref.
  Unimproved 12.21 1.49 (1.30–1.73) p < 0.001 10.35 1.67 (1.42–1.96) p < 0.001
Source of drinking water
  Improved 11.22 Ref. 9.84 Ref.
  Unimproved 12.36 1.25 (1.13–1.37) p < 0.001 9.99 1.13 (1.01–1.25) 0.026
Time to get a water source
  On-premise 8.81 Ref. 6.50 Ref.
   ≤ 30 min 11.92 1.51 (1.23–1.85) p < 0.001 9.92 1.73 (1.36–2.18) p < 0.001
  31–60 min 12.42 1.73 (1.39–2.15) p < 0.001 9.97 1.82 (1.41–2.34) p < 0.001
   > 60 min 12.45 1.94 (1.56–2.41) p < 0.001 11.29 2.21 (1.72–2.84) p < 0.001
Community-level characteristics
Residence
  Urban 8.58 0.65 (0.56–0.75) p < 0.001 5.97 0.59 (0.50–0.70) p < 0.001
  Rural 12.34 Ref. 10.41 Ref.
Region
  Agrarian 12.53 Ref. 10.42 Ref.
  Pastoralist 11.50 0.98 (0.88–1.10) 0.811 9.53 0.95 (0.88–1.04) 0.302
  City administration 6.58 0.63 (0.54–0.74) p < 0.001 5.37 0.57 (0.51–0.64) p < 0.001