TABLE 1.
Baseline demographic, clinical, and phenoconversion characteristics in Montreal
| A Early epoch (n = 101) | B Late epoch (n = 108) | C Late epoch self‐referral (n = 28) | D Matched late epoch conventional‐referral (n = 56) | A vs. B P‐value | C vs. D P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | ||||||
| Age at diagnosis, years | 67.6 (9.4) | 65.0 (7.8) | 66.6 (6.4) | 65.7 (7.5) | 0.03 | 0.58 |
| Sex (% female) | 27.7 | 22.2 | 35.7 | 19.6 | 0.45 | 0.18 |
| Education (years) | 12.5 (4.1) | 14.2 (3.7) | 14.8 (2.9) | 13.8 (4.3) | 0.01 | 0.28 |
| Symptom duration (years) | 9.4 (10.3) | 6.3 (4.9) | 7.8 (6.2) | 7.2 (7.8) | 0.01 | 0.69 |
| Follow‐up duration (years) | 5.6 (4.1) | 3.9 (2.4) | 4.7 (2.5) | 5.3 (3.1) | n.a.* | 0.41 |
| UPDRS‐I | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.4 (1.6) | 1.3 (1.7) | 1.4 (1.6) | 0.22 | 0.75 |
| UPDRS‐II | 1.5 (1.9) | 1.7 (2.2) | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.7 (2.1) | 0.38 | 0.18 |
| UPDRS‐III | 4.37 (4.28) | 4.26 (3.8) | 3.8 (3.3) | 4.7 (4.3) | 0.78 | 0.37 |
| MoCA | 25.1 (2.9) | 25.9 (3.0) | 26.5 (2.0) | 25.7 (3.0) | 0.21 | 0.19 |
| UPSIT‐12 (z‐score) | −2.3 (2.3) | −2.2 (2.2) | −1.9 (2.2) | −2.3 (2.2) | 0.59 | 0.48 |
| Postural systolic drop (mm Hg) | 13.2 (14.9) | 10.9 (13.7) | 10.7 (11.5) | 11.1 (14.8) | 0.25 | 0.92 |
| Phenoconversion (%) | 56.4 | 22.2 | 17.9 | 30.4 | <0.001 | 0.33 |
| PD | 40.4 | 58.3 | 10.7 | 19.6 | – | – |
| DLB | 52.6 | 37.5 | 7.1 | 8.9 | – | – |
| MSA | 7.0 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 1.8 | – | – |
Note: Continuous data are expressed as mean (standard deviation). Bold indicates P < 0.05.
*
No statistical test is performed because, by definition, follow‐up duration is longer in the earlier epoch.
Abbreviations: n.a., not applicable; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; UPSIT, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test; PD, Parkinson's disease; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; MSA, multiple system atrophy.