Table 1. Search string used in the database search for the systematic literature review.

Database	Search String
PubMed	“ophthalmology” OR "diabetic retinopathy" OR "nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy" OR "proliferative diabetic retinopathy" OR "Diabetic Retinopathy"[Mesh]	AND	"artificial intelligence" OR "deep learning" OR "automated screening" OR "fundus photograph" OR "fundus image" OR "machine learning" OR "fundus images" OR "fundus photographs" OR "Artificial Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Deep Learning"[Mesh] OR "Machine Learning"[Mesh]	AND	“cost-utility analysis" OR "cost-effectiveness analysis" OR "cost-benefit analysis" OR "cost-minimization analysis" OR "economic evaluation" OR “cost” OR "healthcare economics" OR "Cost-Benefit Analysis"[Mesh] OR "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis"[Mesh]
Scopus	“ophthalmology” OR "diabetic retinopathy" OR "nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy" OR "proliferative diabetic retinopathy"	AND	"artificial intelligence" OR "deep learning" OR "automated screening" OR "fundus photograph" OR "fundus image" OR "machine learning" OR "fundus images" OR "fundus photographs"	AND	"cost-utility analysis" OR "cost-effectiveness analysis" OR "cost-benefit analysis" OR "cost-minimization analysis" OR "economic evaluation" OR “cost” OR "healthcare economics"
Web of Science	“ophthalmology” OR "diabetic retinopathy" OR "nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy" OR "proliferative diabetic retinopathy"	AND	"artificial intelligence" OR "deep learning" OR "automated screening" OR "fundus photograph" OR "fundus image" OR "machine learning" OR "fundus images" OR "fundus photographs"	AND	"cost-utility analysis" OR "cost-effectiveness analysis" OR "cost-benefit analysis" OR "cost-minimization analysis" OR "economic evaluation" OR “cost” OR "healthcare economics"