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. 2023 Oct 3;8(41):37991–38004. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03484

Table 1. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Biochars Pyrolysed at 400 °Ca.

characteristics SBB SBB-KOH PSB PSB-KOH
physical properties
bulk density (g cm–3) 0.187 0.233 0.13 0.181
particle density (g cm–3) 0.68 1.12 0.84 1.34
porosity (%) 72.5 79.1 84.5 86.4
moisture (%) 0.462 0.54 0.41 0.687
WHC (%) 130.31 113.55 235 246.2
Ash (%) 7.96 11.3 31 36
TDS (mg L–1) 546 582 4100 4350
chemical properties
pH 7.06–7.17 9.1–9.13 7.96–8.19 10.55–10.65
EC (dS m–1) 0.84–1.09 5.9–6.07 5.8–6.31 10.34–12.11
CEC (cmol (+) kg–1) 38.2 52.4 73.1 84.7
total potassium (g kg–1) 23.94 25.12 35.8 39.84
available potassium (g kg–1) 19.26 23.44 31.62 36.16
total phosphorus (g kg–1) 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3
total calcium (g kg–1) 6.8 4.4 9.2 8.6
a

SBB: sugar cane bagasse biochar; PSB: paddy straw biochar; SBB-KOH: sugar cane bagasse biochar (KOH activated); PSB-KOH: paddy straw biochar (KOH activated).