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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 19.
Published in final edited form as: Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng. 2023 May 23;111(10):1236–1286. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2023.3273517

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Five influential circumplex emotion models developed in the psychology literature [27], [28], [29], [30], [31]. (a) Russell, 1980. (b) Watson and Tellegen, 1985. (c) Thayer, 1989. (d) Larsen and Diener, 1992. (e) Knutson, 1996.