Table 1.
Demographics and behavioral/cognitive profiles of the developmental dyscalculia (DD) and typically developing (TD) groups.
| DD | TD | |
|---|---|---|
| N | 10 | 16 |
| Gender (f/m) | 8/2a,e | 9/7a,e |
| Handedness (r/l) | 10/0 | 16/0 |
| Handedness | 13.8 (1.1)b,e | 14.5 (1.8)b,e |
| Age (years) | 11.3 (0.7)b,e | 11.2 (0.6)b,e |
| Age range (years) | 10.1–12.2 | 10.4–12.2 |
| Numerical tests | ||
| MAT | 9.1 (2.9)**b | 20.3 (2.5)**b |
| CPT sum | 67 (16.3)**b | 104.6 (10.7)**b |
| CPT addition | 19 (3.8)**c | 25.4 (3.3)**c |
| CPT subtraction | 14.9 (4.7)*b | 20.4 (2.8)*b |
| CPT multiplication | 13.2 (5.1)**c | 21.6 (2.7)**c |
| CPT division | 7.4 (3.8)**b | 16.6 (2.8)**b |
| CPT mix | 12.5 (3)**b | 20.5 (3.1)**b |
| IQ tests | ||
| WISC-R performance | 98.6 (9.7)b,e | 103.3 (11)b,e |
| WISC-R verbal | 88.3 (9)**b | 106.6 (10.5)**b |
| Arithmetic sub test (from verbal IQ) | 6.5 (2.1)*b | 10.6 (2.9)*b |
| WISC-R total | 92.5 (8.1)*b | 105.7 (9.6)*b |
| WISC-R total (corrected for arithmetic) | 95.6 (SE = 3.2)d,e | 103.8 (SE = 2.4)d,e |
| Reading evaluation | 101.6 (12.9)c,e | 106.7 (25.7)c,e |
MAT, Mathematics achievement test; CPT, Calculation performance test; WISC-R, Wechsler intelligence scale for children. Scores are given as mean where appropriate. aFischer-Chi-Square-test, bIndependent-samples t-test, cMann-Whitney-U-test, dANCOVA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ep > 0.05. Detailed information about the tests used in the study can be found here (Öner et al., 2018; Üstün et al., 2021).