Table 3. Biochemical characteristics of subjects before, 4-week and after 8-week EMS intervention.

Parameters	No EMS	Daily EMS
AST (U/L)
Pre	20 ± 3	21 ± 3
Mid	19 ± 3	19 ± 2
Post	20 ± 3	20 ± 2
ALT (U/L)
Pre	20 ± 3	20 ± 3
Mid	21 ± 3	20 ± 3
Post	21 ± 2	20 ± 3
BUN (mg/dL)
Pre	15.7 ± 2.4	15.9 ± 2.7
Mid	15.7 ± 2.5	15.9 ± 2.6
Post	16.0 ± 2.5	16.1 ± 2.2
CREA (mg/dL)
Pre	1.09 ± 0.10	1.10 ± 0.07
Mid	1.13 ± 0.06	1.10 ± 0.06
Post	1.11 ± 0.08	1.10 ± 0.07
UA (mg/dL)
Pre	4.9 ± 0.9	5.0 ± 1.2
Mid	4.8 ± 0.9	5.0 ± 1.1
Post	4.8 ± 1.0	5.0 ± 1.1
TP (mg/dL)
Pre	7.3 ± 0.3	7.3 ± 0.5
Mid	7.4 ± 0.3	7.3 ± 0.2
Post	7.3 ± 0.2	7.3 ± 0.4
FFA (mmol/L)
Pre	0.45 ± 0.17	0.46 ± 0.19
Mid	0.41 ± 0.10	0.41 ± 0.14
Post	0.41 ± 0.10	0.41 ± 0.14

Note:

Data are presented as mean ± SD. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CREA, creatinine; UA, uric acid; FFA, free fatty acid.