TABLE 2.
Known inducers and inhibitors of three major opioid metabolizing enzymes (adapted from Drug Interactions Flockhart TableTM from the Department of Medicine Clinical Pharmacology Division at Indiana University for CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 (Flockhart et al., 2021) and the Food and Drug Administration Drug Development and Drug Interactions Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers (FDA, 2022).
| Metabolizing Enzyme | Inducer | Inhibitor |
|---|---|---|
| CYP2D6 | Abiraterone | |
| Amiodarone | ||
| Bupropion | ||
| Celecoxib | ||
| Chloropromazine | ||
| Cimetidine | ||
| Cinacalcet | ||
| Citalopram | ||
| Clemastine | ||
| Clobazam | ||
| Clomipramine | ||
| Cocaine | ||
| Diphenhydramine | ||
| Doxepin | ||
| Duloxetine | ||
| Escitalopram | ||
| Fluoxetine | ||
| Halofantrine | ||
| Haloperidol | ||
| Hydroxychloroquinie | ||
| Hydroxyzine | ||
| Levomepromazine | ||
| Lorcaserin | ||
| Methadone | ||
| Metoclopramide | ||
| Midodrine | ||
| Mirabegron | ||
| Moclobemide | ||
| Panobinostat | ||
| Paroxetine | ||
| Perphenazine | ||
| Promethazine | ||
| Quinidine | ||
| Ritonavir | ||
| Rolapitant | ||
| Sertraline | ||
| Terbinafine | ||
| Ticlopidine | ||
| Tripelennamine | ||
| Vemurafenib | ||
| CYP3A4 | Apalutamidea | Aprepitant |
| Betamethasone | Atomoxetine | |
| Brigatinib | Azumulin | |
| Carbamazepine | Boceprevir | |
| Clobazam | Ceritinib | |
| Dabrafenib | Chloramphenicol | |
| Dexamethasone | Cimetidine | |
| Efavirenz | Ciprofloxacin | |
| Elagolix | Clarithromycin | |
| Enzalutamide | Cobicistate | |
| Eslicarbazepine | Crizotinib | |
| Ivosidenibb | Danoprevirf | |
| Lorlatinib | Delaviridine | |
| Lumacaftorc | Diltiazem | |
| Methylprednisolone | Entrectinib | |
| Mitotaned | Erythromycin | |
| Modafinil | Esomeprazole | |
| Nevirapine | Fluconazole | |
| Oxcarbazepine | Grapefruit Juice | |
| Phenobarbital | Idelalisib | |
| Phenytoin | Imatinib | |
| Pioglitazone | Indinavir | |
| Prednisolone | Itraconazole | |
| Prednisone | Ivacaftor | |
| Rifabutin | Ketoconazole | |
| Rifampin | Lesinurad | |
| St. John's Wort | Letermovir | |
| Telotristat | Mibefradil | |
| Troglitazone | Mifepristone | |
| Vemurafenib | Nefazodone | |
| Nelfinavir | ||
| Netupitant | ||
| Omeprazole | ||
| Pantoprazole | ||
| Quercetin | ||
| Ribociclib | ||
| Ritonavir | ||
| Rucaparib | ||
| Saquinavir | ||
| Simeprevir | ||
| Star Fruit | ||
| Telaprevir | ||
| Telithromycin | ||
| Troleandomycin | ||
| Tucatinib | ||
| Verapamil | ||
| Voriconazole | ||
| UGT2B7 | Amitriptylinegh | |
| Aprepitanti | ||
| Borneolj | ||
| Carbamazepineg | ||
| Clomipraminegh | ||
| Diazepamg | ||
| Diclofenacgk | ||
| Imipramineg | ||
| Isoborneolj | ||
| Isomentholj | ||
| Ketoconazolel | ||
| Lorazepamg | ||
| Methadonem | ||
| Nortriptylineh | ||
| Oxazepamgn | ||
| Tacrolimusg | ||
| Tamoxifeng |
g
Hara et al., 2007.
h
Wahlström et al., 1994.
i
House et al., 2015.
j
Ishii et al., 2012.
k
King et al., 2001.
l
Takeda et al., 2006.
m
Morrish et al., 2006.
n
Wahlström et al., 1988.