Table 5.
Characteristics of Studies on BTX for Treatment of Myofascial Pain/Spasm
| Study | Total dose (U) | Muscles injected | Sites of injection |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nixdorf et al24 | 150 | Both groups: masseter and temporalis | Both groups: 50-U masseter, 25-U temporalis (single session, bilaterally); 0.6 mL for each dose divided over 3 injection sites in each muscle |
| Ernberg et al25 | 50 or 100 | Both groups: masseter | Both groups: 3 standard points on each masseter, deep portion 0.1 mL (10 U) ×1, superficial portion 0.2 mL (20 U) ×2 (single session, bilaterally) |
| Guarda-Nardini et al27 | 300 | Group 1, BTX: masseter and temporalis Group 2, facial manipulation: not applicable |
Group 1: single session, dosing not specified Group 2: weekly (facial manipulation) |
| von Lindern et al28 | Average: 70 | Both groups: masseter, temporalis, or medial pterygoid, depending on areas of maximum tenderness and pain | Both groups: dependent on areas with pain (single session, bilaterally) |
| Kurtoglu et al29 | 100 | Both groups: masseter and temporalis | Both groups: three injections within the masseter (30 U) and two injections within the temporalis (20 U; single session, bilaterally) |
| Kütük et al32 | 25–150 | Group 1, BTX: masseter, temporalis, and lateral pterygoid Group 2, dry needling: masseter, temporalis, and lateral pterygoid |
Group 1 BTX: not declared Group 2 dry needling: The needle was inserted into the muscle until the trigger point in the muscle band with the tip was found. The same point was needled rapidly 8 to 10 times with the tip of the needle mounted to the empty syringe. |
| Jadhao et al34 | 100 | Group 1, BTX: masseter and temporalis Group 2, saline: masseter and temporalis Group 3: no injection |
Group 1: intramuscular injections for each side (30 U) within the masseter muscles and three injections (20 U) within the anterior temporalis muscles |
| De Carli et al35 | 500 | Group 1, BTX: masseter and temporalis Group 2, laser: masseter and temporalis |
Group 1: 30 U were applied per point in two points of the superficial bundle of the masseter muscle (in the upper portion and the lower portion) and in one point of the temporal muscle (central portion); 15 U 15 d later Group 2: GaAlAs active medium, 100 mW of power, at a continuous emission mode, wavelength of 830 nm, and dose of 80 J/cm2 per application point |
| De la Torre Canales et al36 | 40–100 | Group 1, oral appliance: N/A Group 2 saline solution: masseter, temporalis Groups 3, 4, and 5, different doses of BTX = masseter, temporalis |
Group 2, saline: Temporal 0.4 mL, masseter 1 mL Group 3, BTX: Temporal 10 U, masseter 30 U Group 4, BTX: Temporal 20 U, masseter 50 U Group 5, BTX: Temporal 25 U, masseter 75 U |
GaAlAs = gallium arsenide and aluminum.