Table 4.
Case Reports and Case Series
| Author | Year | Title | Journal | Enrolled subjects for dental implant surgeries |
Gender | Age | Tooth number(s) restored, (number of implants) |
Symptoms | Duration post injury | Pain level (0–10 VAS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Politis et al40 | 2017 | Report of neuropathic pain after dental implant placement: A case series | International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants | 26 | NA | NA | Mandibles of 18 patients, 6 received regular implants and 2 received a zygomatic implant in the maxilla | 17 developed pain due to implant placement, 9 developed pain with unknown cause | 12 mo | NA |
| Devine et al41 | 2016 | Chronic post-surgical pain following the placement of dental implants in the maxilla: A case series | European Journal of Oral Implantology | 10 | 9 women, 1 man | Average 55.4 y | 6 patients had single implants placed, 4 had multiple implants | Onset of pain was immediate in 9 patients with constant pain | NA | Pain intensity ranged from 2 to 9 (average 5.6) |
| Du Toit et al78 | 2015 | Implant injury case series and review of the literature part 1: Inferior alveolar nerve injury | Journal of Oral Implantology | 4 | Woman Woman Woman Man |
42 yr 33 y 27 y 43 y |
29, 30 (2) 29, 30 (2) 29, 30 (2) 29, 30 (2) |
Paresthesia Anesthesia Paresthesia Paresthesia |
8 wk NA 3 mo 12 mo |
NA |
| Givol et al79 | 2013 | Inferior alveolar neurosensory deficiency associated with placement of dental implants | Journal of Periodontology | 92 | 58 women | 27–89 y | NA | NA | More than 5 y | Pain level not available |
| Mourào et al80 | 2013 | Role of homeopathy in post-surgical dental implants paresthesia–A case report | Journal of Case Studies in Homeopathy | 1 | Man | 63 y | 18, 24, 25 (3) | Paresthesia | 12 mo | 3 |
| Wright81 | 2011 | Persistent dysesthesia following dental implant placement: A treatment report of 2 cases | Implant Dentistry | 2 | Man Woman |
56 y 66 y |
14 (1) 24 (4) |
Dysesthesia Dysesthesia |
28 mo 36 mo |
3 7 |
| Stamatin et al82 | 2011 | Post-implant neurological complications in the horizontal mandibular arch | International Journal of Medical Dentistry | 27 | Woman Woman |
54 y 44 y |
21 (1) 21 (1) |
Paresthesia Paresthesia |
NA | Disappeared after 6 wk Disappeared after 3 wk |
| Al-Ouf and Salti83 | 2011 | Post-insertion pain in region of mandibular dental implants: A case report | Implant Dentistry | 1 | Woman | 27 y | 19, 20 (2) | Dysesthesia | NA | Implant removal reduced pain |
| Yoon et al84 | 2010 | Use of botulinum toxin type A injection for neuropathic pain after trigeminal nerve injury | Pain Medicine | 1 | Woman | 62 y | 23, 24, 25, 26 (4) | Dysesthesia, allodynia, paresthesia | 2 mo | NA |
| Rodriguez-Lozano et al85 | 2010 | Neuropathic orofacial pain after dental implant placement: Review of the literature and case report | Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, & Endodontics | 1 | Woman | 62 y | Maxilla (8) | Dysesthesia, allodynia | 8 mo | NA |
| Leckel et al86 | 2009 | Neuropathic pain resulting from implant placement: Case report and diagnostic conclusions | Journal of Oral Rehabilitation | 1 | Man | 56 y | 19, 20 (2) | Dysesthesia | 17 mo | Pain free after removal of one implant |
| Khawaja and Renton87 | 2009 | Case studies on implant removal influencing the resolution of inferior alveolar nerve injury | British Dental Journal | 4 | Woman Woman Woman Woman |
55 y 56 y 46 y 39 y |
30 (2) Mandibular quadrant of partial denture 19 (1) Mandibular left and right quadrants for a mandiblar implant partial denture 20 (1) 29 (1) |
Paresthesia of lower lip and chin Paresthesia Paresthesia, mechanical allodynia, dysesthesia Paresthesia, mechanical allodynia Paresthesia of right lower lip |
Numbness immediately after surgery until implant was removed 18 h after surgery; one of the implants was removed 24 h postsurgery; implant removed 2 days later; implant removed 4 days later | Decrease in symptoms 3 mo later Decrease in symptoms at 2-mo follow-up No improvement in symptoms at 3-mo follow-up No improvement |
| Liang et al88 | 2008 | Neurovascular disturbance associated with implant placement in the anterior mandible and its surgical implications: Literature review including report of a case | Chinese Journal of Dental Research | 1 | Woman | 61 y | Mandibular arch (4) | Paresthesia, dysesthesia | NA | NA |
| Elian et al89 | 2005 | Unexpected return of sensation following 4.5 years of paresthesia: Case report | Implant Dentistry | 1 | Man | 34 y | 19, 20, 29, 30 (4) | Paresthesia | NA | Pain reduced after implant removal |
| Flanagan90 | 2002 | Delayed onset of altered sensation following dental implant placement and mental block local anesthesia: A case report | Implant Dentistry | 1 | Woman | 45 y | 20 (1) | Paresthesia | Pain started 4 mo after surgery | Pain free 17 mo later |
| Gregg14 | 2000 | Neuropathic complications of mandibular implant surgery: Review and case presentation | Annals of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons | 2 | Woman Man |
45 y 50 y |
Right mandibular body (2) Mandible |
Paresthesia Dysesthesia, mechanical allodynia, hyperalgesia |
3 mo to more than 1 y 1 y |
NA |
| *Kim et al91 | 2013 | Clinical outcome of conservative treatment of injured inferior alveolar nerve during dental implant placement | Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons | 64 | 35 women 29 men |
NA | Posterior mandible | 6 anesthesia 28 hypoesthesia and paresthesia 17 hypoesthesia 13 dysesthesia | 3 had transient sensory changes, whereas 54 had persistent sensory changes | NA |
| *Juodzbalys et al45 | 2013 | Inferior alveolar nerve injury associated with implant surgery | Clinical Oral Implants Research | 16 | 8 women 8 men |
36–65 y | Right and left premolar, molar region in the mandible | 5 hyperalgesia 11 hypoalgesia |
More than 3 mo for 11 subjects | NA |
| *Renton et al39 | 2012 | Post-implant neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve. A case series | British Dental Journal | 30 | 20 women 10 men |
26–80 y | Mandibular second premolar, molar | Paresthesia in 47% of cases; mechanical/,thermal allodynia 30%; anesthesia 40% Functional disabilities: Kissing 54%, speech 46%, eating, drinking, brushing teeth due to pain 30% Recurrent lip biting 23% Dribbling 33% Psychologic problems 30% |
NA | NA |
| *Tay and Zuniga94 | 2007 | Clinical characteristics of trigeminal nerve injury referrals to a university center | The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery | 59 patients included in the study, but only 7 (11%) were related to implant procedures | 5 women, 2 men | 17–27 y | NA | 7 patients had at least one functionality problem; 3 mild sensory impairment; 2 moderate; 2 with no deficit | NA | NA |
| *Libersa et al95 | 2007 | Neurosensory disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve: A retrospective study of complaints in 10 years | Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery | 382 subjects were included, and 12 were related to dental implant placement | Prospective longitudinal questionnaire study; assessed before, after up to 18 mo after surgery | NA | IAN | 3 (1%) were transient; 9 (12%) with permanent neurosensory disturbances | NA | NA |
| *Hillerup96 | 2007 | Iatrogenic injury to oral branches of the trigeminal nerve: Records of 449 cases | Clinical Oral Investigations | 449 | NA | 16–83 y | Implant surgery, 16 out of 449 iatrogenic injuries (3.6%) included in the study | Paresthesia Allodynia | NA | NA |
| *Chaushu et al98 | 2002 | Medicolegal aspects of altered sensation following implant placement in the mandible | The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants | 16 | 12 women, 4 men | 28–67 y | Mandibular: 2 premolar, 1 molar | Lip and chin; all 16 patients had persistent sensory changes | NA | NA |
IAN = inferior alveolar nerve; VAS = visual analog scale.