Figure 1.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and OS. Wnt ligands bind to the Frizzled and low density LRP5/6. Thereafter, this signal activates the protein dishevelled (Dsh) in the cytoplasm. Dsh can reduce the degradation of β-catenin by inhibiting the activity of GSK-3β kinase. Accumulation of higher amounts of β-catenin induces its translocation from the cell membrane to the nucleus, where it acts as a transcriptional co-activator of transcription factors to participate in the TCF/LEF family. C-myc: Cellular-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene; CCND1:CyclinD1; Dsh: Dishevelled; GSK-3β: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta; LRP5/6: Lipoprotein receptor-related protein5 and 6; MMP-2: Matrix Metallo-peptidase 2; OS: Osteosarcoma; TCF: T-cell factor; LEF: Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor; Wnt: Wingless/Integrated.