Table 5. Logistic regression analysis for postoperative pulmonary complications.
| Variable | Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Age ≥60 years | 1.227 (0.860–1.750) | 0.259 | – | – | |
| Male gender | 1.814 (1.263–2.605) | 0.001 | 1.384 (0.844–2.271) | 1.198 | |
| BMI† | 1.021 (0.795–1.311) | 0.871 | – | – | |
| Preoperative hypertension | 0.863 (0.581–1.282) | 0.466 | – | – | |
| Preoperative coronary heart disease | 1.880 (0.810–4.365) | 0.142 | – | – | |
| Preoperative arrythmia | 1.168 (0.571–2.386) | 0.671 | – | – | |
| Preoperative diabetes | 0.962 (0.659–1.403) | 0.839 | – | – | |
| Smoking | 1.697 (1.188–2.424) | 0.004 | 1.136 (0.683–1.889) | 0.622 | |
| Drinking | 1.941 (1.219–3.091) | 0.005 | 1.454 (0.859–2.461) | 0.163 | |
| Preoperative chemotherapy | 2.007 (1.017–3.959) | 0.044 | 1.456 (0.722–2.936) | 0.293 | |
| ASA II | 0.838 (0.578–1.215) | 0.350 | – | – | |
| Tumor stage‡ | 1.236 (1.034–1.477) | 0.020 | 1.205 (1.002–1.448) | 0.047 | |
| Surgical procedure§ | 1.347 (0.929–1.951) | 0.116 | – | – | |
| Combined epidural-general anesthesia | 1.239 (0.809–1.897) | 0.324 | – | – | |
| Duration of surgery >3 h | 1.079 (0.706–1.648) | 0.726 | – | – | |
| Total intraoperative fluid volume (mL) | 1.340 (0.938–1.913) | 0.107 | – | – | |
| Intraoperative blood transfusion | 1.491 (0.307–7.252) | 0.620 | – | – | |
| Mediastinal lymph node dissection | 1.493 (0.861–2.591) | 0.154 | – | – | |
| Perioperative fentanyl equivalents >28.2 μg/kg | 1.556 (1.089–2.223) | 0.015 | 1.623 (1.123–2.346) | 0.010 | |
| Perioperative NSAIDs administration | 1.160 (0.814–1.654) | 0.411 | – | – | |
| Perioperative glucocorticoids administration | 0.994 (0.696–1.420) | 0.972 | – | – | |
| Grade of tumor cell differentiation¶ | 1.219 (0.992–1.498) | 0.059 | – | – | |
| Maximal tumor size >3 cm | 1.582 (1.100–2.275) | 0.013 | 1.323 (0.898–1.950) | 0.157 | |
†, BMI was divided into four classes: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–28 kg/m2) and obesity (>28 kg/m2). The next class was compared to the last level. ‡, tumor stage was divided into four stages: I, II, III and IV. The next stage was compared to the last stage. §, surgical procedure was divided into three categories: segmentectomy, lobectomy and total pneumectomy. Total pneumectomy was compared to lobectomy or segmentectomy. ¶, grade of tumor cell differentiation was divided into four grades: undifferentiation, poor differentiation, moderate differentiation and high differentiation. The next grade was compared to the last grade. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. OR, odd ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; NSAIDs, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs.