Table 2. Comparison of biosensing-based strategies for detecting cardiac troponin I.
| Type | Materials | Detection limit (pg/mL) | Detection range (pg/mL) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrochemical biosensor | ||||
| Voltammetric type | Apt-CES-GO/SPE | 0.6 | 1–106 | (23) |
| Potentiometric type | Ab-DE-COOH/cTn I/AuNP/SPGE | 7.3 | 1–105 | (7) |
| EIS | Ab-NH2-MIL-88B(Fe2Co)-MOF/NF | 0.013 | 10−4–105 | (8) |
| ECL method | BSA/Ab-AgNPs/CdS@MOF-5/PDDA/FTO | 0.005 | 0.01–103 | (9) |
| FET | APTES/glutaraldehyde-modified SiNW-FET | 16 | 25–500 | (26) |
| Colorimetric method | GP/MOF-818@p-WO3/c-DNA/apt-glu aptasensor | 0.018 | 0.05–105 | (28) |
| Chemiluminescence method | AuNP-(ald)HRP-Ab conjugate | 5.6 | 1–104 | (32) |
| Fluorescence method | PEI-PPD FCNPs | 190 | 5×103–1.8×105 | (34) |
| Digital immunoassay method | AuNPs/microfluidic chip | 6.2 | (35) | |
| SERS | Fe3O4@PEI/Ag NC-Apt | 0.23 | 1–105 | (39) |
| SPR | chromium film/gold film/fiber | 0.0575 | (41) |
EIS, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; ECL, electrochemiluminescence; FET, field-effect transistor; SERS, surface-enhanced Raman scattering; SPR, surface plasmon resonance.