Table 3.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes by groups based on OGTT at 24–28 weeks’ gestation
| New-GDM | No-GDM | p value a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 90 | 365 | |
| Maternal outcomes | |||
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 13.3% (12) | 4.1% (15) | .002 |
| Induction of labour | 31.1% (28) | 23.8% (87) | .177 |
| Instrumental delivery | 7.8% (7) | 7.4% (27) | 1.0 |
| Caesarean delivery | 28.9% (26) | 18.6% (68) | .042 |
| Postpartum haemorrhage (≥ 1,000 mL) | 10.0% (9) | 8.5% (31) | .679 |
| 3rd or 4th degree perineal/anal tears | 5.6% (5) | 2.7% (10) | .191 |
| Neonatal outcomesb | |||
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks)c | 39.7 (38.7–40.7) | 40.3 (39.3–41.0) | .003 |
| Male infant sex | 54.4% (49) | 51.8% (189) | .814 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3,708 (523) | 3,579 (513) | .037 |
| Birth weight z-scorec | 0.43 (− 0.13–1.23) | − 0.11 (− 0.68–0.56) | < .0001 |
| LGA infant (> 90th percentile) | 22.2% (20) | 9.9% (36) | .004 |
| SGA infant (< 10th percentile) | 2.2% (2) | 7.7% (28) | .061 |
| Abdominal circumference at birth (cm) | 33.9 (1.9) | 33.4 (2.0) | .040 |
| Preterm delivery (< 37 weeks) | 4.4% (4) | 2.7% (10) | .492 |
| Composite complication outcome | 4.4% (4) | 1.4% (5) | .084 |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemia | 8.9% (8) | 1.9% (7) | .004 |
|
Neonatal intensive care unit Number of days admittedc |
16.7% (15) 5.0 (2.0–8.0) |
5.8% (21) 3.0 (2.0–6.0) |
.002 .770 |
GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, New-GDM Women GDMWHO2013 positive and GDMDK negative, No-GDM GDMWHO2013 and GDMDK negative, Birth weight z-score Adjusted for gestational age and sex. LGA Large-for-gestational-age. SGA Small-for-gestational-age, Composite complication outcome Shoulder dystocia, nerve injury or bone fracture, Neonatal hypoglycaemia Defined as plasma glucose < 2.5 mmol/L at 2 h of life
Data are given as mean (SD) or percentages (N) unless otherwise stated
aP values are corrected for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure, bold p values were considered significant as they were below the calculated critical value of .017
bFor neonatal outcomes, data on multiple pregnancies are excluded (N = 3)
cData are median (25–75 percentiles), as data were not normally distributed