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. 2023 Oct 19;14:6630. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42415-y

Fig. 4. Anatomic bone fixation with machine learning (ML)-inspired design.

Fig. 4

a, b A 30 mm bone defect in a New Zealand rabbit’s middle part of the tibia. c Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) of the tibia. d Finite element method (FEM) simulated displacement-force curves of ML-inspired, topology optimization (TO), and uniform designs. e Experimental displacement-force curves of the ML-inspired design versus uniform design. The inset shows the cross-sections of von Mises stress under 0.6 mm deformation for both designs. The cartoon in Fig. 4a was created with BioRender.com. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.