. 2023 Sep 28;14(5):925–952. doi: 10.1007/s41999-023-00858-y

Table 3.

Effect of physical activity on dementia incidence in people with mild cognitive impairment at baseline

Certainty assessment	No. of patients	Effect	Certainty	Importance
Conversion to dementia
1	Observational study	Very serious^a	Not serious	Not serious	Serious^b	None	247,149	Reference “never PA” Adj HR 0.89 (0.85–0.93) (initiation-PA) Adj HR 1.00 (0.96–1.04) (Withdrawal-PA) Adj HR 0.82 (0.79–0.86) (Maintenance-PA)	⨁◯◯◯ Very low	Critical

Certainty assessment

No. of patients

Effect

Certainty

Importance

No. of studies

Study design

Risk of bias

Inconsistency

Indirectness

Imprecision

Other considerations

Relative (95% CI)

Conversion to dementia

Observational study

Very serious^a

Not serious

Serious^b

None

247,149

Reference “never PA”

Adj HR 0.89 (0.85–0.93) (initiation-PA)

Adj HR 1.00 (0.96–1.04) (Withdrawal-PA)

Adj HR 0.82 (0.79–0.86) (Maintenance-PA)

⨁◯◯◯

Very low

Critical

^aOne study at high risk of bias

^bOnly one study