Table 3.
Immune targeted therapy in GBM clinical trials
| Therapy | Target | Phase | Indication | No. Patients | Treatment | mOS (weeks) | mPFS (weeks) | PFS6 (%) | Best response to treatment | Ref | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD | SD | PR | CR | ||||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Anti-PD-1 | Pilot | Recurrent | 16 neoadjuvant; 16 adjuvant | Pembrolizumab + surgery | 59.6; 32.6 | 14.2; 10.4 | 410 | |||||
| Nivolumab | Anti-PD-1 | III | Newly diagnosed (methylated MGMT) | 358 | Nivolumab + RT/TMZ | 125.7 | 46.1 | 411 | |||||
| III | Newly diagnosed (unmethylated MGMT) | 280 | Nivolumab + RT | 58.3 | 26.1 | 50.5 | 413 | ||||||
| III | Recurrent | 347 | Nivolumab | 42.6 | 6.5 | 107 | 33 | 10 | 2 | 412 | |||
| CAR T cell | GD2 | I | Recurrent or Progressive | 8 | GD2-CAR T cells | 40 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 436 | ||
| EphA2 | Pilot | Recurrent | 3 | EphA2-CAR T cells | 23 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 430 | |||
| EGFRvIII | I | Recurrent | 10 | EGFRvIII-CAR T cells | 35.9 | 9 | 0 | 432 | |||||
| EGFRvIII | Pilot | Recurrent | 18 | EGFRvIII-CAR T cells | 30 | 5.7 | 16 | 0 | 431 | ||||
| HER2 | I | Recurrent | 17 | HER2-CAR T cells | 48.3 | 15.2 | 35.3 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 433 | |
| IL13Ra2 | Pilot | Recurrent | 3 | IL13(E13Y)-zetakine CAR T cells | 47.9 | 435 | |||||||
| IL13Ra2 | I | Recurrent | 1 | IL13BBζ–CAR T cells | 32.6 | 1 | 434 | ||||||
CAR chimeric antigen receptor, CR complete response, EphA2 ephrin type-A receptor 2, EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, IL13Rα2 interleukin 13 receptorα2, mOS median overall survival, mPFS median progression-free survival, PD progressive disease, PFS6 progression free survival at 6 months, PR partial response, SD stable disease