Table 1.
Protein contributions of food groups across clusters.
| Food groups | Whole sample | Milk-based | Meat-based | Fast-food-based | Healthy-fish-based | Healthy-plant-based | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 29,210 | n = 4966 (17%) | n = 7569 (26%) | n = 8469 (29%) | n = 7189 (25%) | n = 1017 (3%) | ||
| Legumes | 1.41 (2.49) | 0.86 (0.03) | 0.95 (0.02) | 1.06 (0.02) | 1.71 (0.02) | 8.49 (0.07) | < 0.0001 |
| Soya-based foods | 1.62 (4.72) | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.42 (0.04) | 0.83 (0.04) | 2.56 (0.04) | 16.33 (0.12) | < 0.0001 |
| Cereals | 8.9 (6.38) | 8.83 (0.09) | 9.39 (0.07) | 10.84 (0.07) | 5.91 (0.07) | 10.68 (0.19) | < 0.0001 |
| Nuts | 2.39 (4.37) | 1.23 (0.05) | 1.00 (0.04) | 1.60 (0.04) | 4.37 (0.04) | 11.00 (0.12) | < 0.0001 |
| Wholegrain products | 5.59 (7.06) | 4.26 (0.09) | 2.74 (0.07) | 4.91 (0.07) | 9.73 (0.08) | 9.93 (0.20) | < 0.0001 |
| Fruits | 2.41 (2.69) | 1.83 (0.04) | 1.98 (0.03) | 2.07 (0.03) | 3.35 (0.03) | 4.81 (0.08) | < 0.0001 |
| Fruit juice | 0.61 (0.91) | 0.59 (0.01) | 0.44 (0.01) | 0.89 (0.01) | 0.42 (0.01) | 1.07 (0.03) | < 0.0001 |
| Vegetables | 5.21 (3.63) | 4.00 (0.05) | 4.45 (0.04) | 4.61 (0.04) | 6.69 (0.04) | 11.55 (0.10) | < 0.0001 |
| Potatoes | 0.46 (0.49) | 0.39 (0.01) | 0.59 (0.01) | 0.42 (0.01) | 0.41 (0.01) | 0.60 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Alcohol | 0.22 (0.53) | 0.16 (0.01) | 0.29 (0.01) | 0.22 (0.01) | 0.21 (0.01) | 0.20 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Dressing | 0.23 (0.28) | 0.18 (0.00) | 0.21 (0.00) | 0.31 (0.00) | 0.21 (0.00) | 0.31 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Beverages | 3.19 (4.24) | 8.46 (0.05) | 1.99 (0.04) | 2.38 (0.04) | 1.95 (0.04) | 2.13 (0.11) | < 0.0001 |
| Oil | 0 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | < 0.0001 |
| Meat | 15.26 (10.16) | 14.86 (0.12) | 23.94 (0.10) | 12.36 (0.10) | 11.8 (0.10) | 1.35 (0.26) | < 0.0001 |
| Processed meat | 4.55 (3.88) | 4.22 (0.05) | 5.99 (0.04) | 4.84 (0.04) | 3.50 (0.04) | 0.55 (0.12) | < 0.0001 |
| Eggs | 1.6 (1.66) | 1.34 (0.02) | 1.36 (0.02) | 1.47 (0.02) | 2.25 (0.02) | 1.23 (0.05) | < 0.0001 |
| Fast food | 3.64 (3.24) | 3.22 (0.04) | 3.31 (0.04) | 4.94 (0.03) | 2.73 (0.04) | 3.81 (0.10) | < 0.0001 |
| Fat | 0.08 (0.13) | 0.07 (0.00) | 0.07 (0.00) | 0.12 (0.00) | 0.08 (0.00) | 0.12 (0.00) | < 0.0001 |
| Poultry | 6.03 (5.14) | 5.38 (0.07) | 8.76 (0.05) | 5.03 (0.05) | 5.52 (0.06) | 0.83 (0.15) | < 0.0001 |
| Dairy | 17.28 (10.06) | 15.14 (0.13) | 15.05 (0.11) | 23.16 (0.10) | 15.73 (0.11) | 6.29 (0.29) | < 0.0001 |
| Seafood | 10.55 (7.84) | 8.51 (0.10) | 9.90 (0.08) | 9.09 (0.08) | 15.42 (0.08) | 3.14 (0.23) | < 0.0001 |
| Milk | 2.19 (5.06) | 9.68 (0.05) | 0.57 (0.04) | 0.87 (0.04) | 0.57 (0.04) | 0.31 (0.12) | < 0.0001 |
| SFF | 4.24 (3.42) | 4.20 (0.05) | 3.81 (0.04) | 5.52 (0.04) | 3.21 (0.04) | 4.53 (0.10) | < 0.0001 |
Values are mean (SD) contribution (%) for the whole sample, and energy-adjusted means of protein contributions (SEM) across clusters (ANCOVA model).
P values were calculated using ANCOVA.
Other food groups with minor contribution to protein intake are not represented.
SFF sweetened and fatty foods.