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. 2023 Oct 19;13:17861. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44983-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Egr-1 expression in the wild-type mouse retina was upregulated by 5 to 7 h after violet light (VL) exposure and gradually decreased 12 h after VL exposure. Wild-type mice were housed in a 12:12-h light/dark cycle (light cycle, 00:00 to 12:00) and exposed to 400 μW/cm² of VL (360–400 nm) for 3 h (9:00 to 12:00). Bars represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 4 per group). ***p < 0.001 compared to 0 h (before VL exposure), one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test.