Table 3.
Prehabilitation strategies prior to surgery (n = 109)
| Preoperative screening | Prehabilitation strategies | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment in multidisciplinary consultation, n (%) | 60 (55.6) | - | |
| Assessment of nutritional status, n (%) | 61 (55.9) | Dietitian consultation (entire study cohort) | 39 (35.8) |
| Dietitian consultation in patients assessed for nutritional status, n (%) | 29 (47.5) | ||
| - | Nutritional intervention in patients assessed for nutritional status, n (%) | 27 (93.1) | |
| - Enteral support | 20 (74.1) | ||
| - Exclusive enteral nutrition | 5 (18.2) | ||
| - | - Total parenteral nutrition | 2 (7.7) | |
| Diagnosis of malnutrition | 28 (45.9) | Dietitian consultation for malnourished patients, n (%) | 13 (46.4) |
| - | - Enteral support | 9 (69.2) | |
| - Exclusive enteral nutrition | 3 (23.1) | ||
| - Total parenteral nutrition | 1 (7.7) | ||
| Active smoking at time of surgery, n (%) | 22 (20.2) | Referral to a smoking cessation program, n (%) | 0 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 31 (28.4) | Referral to an alcohol cessation program, n (%) | 0 |
| - | Psychologist consultation, n (%) | 8 (6.5) | |
| Assessment of hand-grip strength | 0 | Physiotherapy consultation, n (%) | 3 (2.8) |
| Physical rehabilitation, n (%) | 0 | ||
| Assessment of laboratory values, n (%) | |||
| Albumin level | 26 (31.3) | - | |
| CRP | 47 (43.1) | - | |
| Blood count* | 52 (47.7) | - | |
| Hemoglobin | 70 (64.2) | Assessment of ferritin levels in case of anemia**, n = 43 (61.4%) | 11 (25.6) |
| Preoperative iron suppletion in case of iron deficiency anemia*** (intravenous or oral), n = 8 (61.4%) | 2 (25.0) | ||
| Hematocrit | 52 (47.7) | - | |
| Leukocyte count | 65 (59.6) | - | |
| Thrombocyte count | 66 (60.5) | - | |
| Diagnosis of a preoperative IASC, n (%) | 14 (12.8) | Preoperative percutaneous drainage, n (%) | 2 (14.3) |
| Preoperative percutaneous drainage & antibiotics, n (%) | 4 (28.6) | ||
| Direct surgery, n (%) | 8 (57.1) | ||
| Preoperative corticosteroids usea, n (%) | 32 (29.4) | Tapering of preoperative corticosteroidsb, n (%) | 1 (3.1) |
ICR ileocolic (re-)resection, SD standard deviation, CRP C-reactive protein level, IASCs intra-abdominal abscess
*Assessment of blood count includes combination of hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, leukocyte, and thrombocyte count
**Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level < 13.5 g/dL for men and < 12.0 g/dL for women
**Iron deficiency anemia was defined as an anemia with a ferritin level of < 100 µg/L
***Lowered vitamin B12 was defined as a vitamin B12 level < 148 pmol/L; lowered vitamin D was defined as a vitamin D level of < 30 nmol/L
aCorticosteroid use is defined as ≥ 20-mg prednisolone or equivalent, 6 weeks prior to surgery
bDefined as < 20-mg prednisolone or equivalent within 6 weeks to surgery