Table 1.
Study characteristics and patient demographic
| Author | Country | Study | Year | Evidence level | Risk of bias | n | Mean age (years) | Follow-up (months/mean) | Gender (% female) | Risser grade (median) | Risser grade (mean) | Sanders score (mean) | Sanders score (median) | Premenarche (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samdani et al. [25] | USA | Retrospective | 2014 | IV | M | 11 | 12.3 | 24 | 73 | NR | 0.6 | NR | 3.4 | NR |
| Boudissa et al. [24] | France | Prospective | 2017 | IV | M | 4 | 11.2 | 24 | 83 | 0 | 0.2 | NR | NR | 100 |
| Newton et al. [26] | USA | Retrospective | 2018 | IV | L | 14 | 11.3 | 28.9 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 100 |
| Wong et al. [35] | Singapore | Prospective | 2019 | IV | M | 5 | 11.7 | 49.2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 2.6 | 2 | 80 |
| Alanay et al. [42] | Turkey | Retrospective | 2020 | III | L | 31 | 12.1 | 27.1 | 94 | 0 | NR | NR | 3 | 66 |
| Hoernschemeyer et al. [40] | USA | Retrospective | 2020 | IV | L | 29 | 12.7 | 38.4 | 90 | 2 | 1.9 | 4.3 | 4 | NR |
| Miyanji et al. [28] | Canada | Retrospective | 2020 | NR | L | 57 | 12.7 | 40.4 | 95 | NR | 0.05 | 3.3 | NR | 78 |
| Newton et al. [36] | USA | Retrospective | 2020 | III | L | 23 | 12 | 40.8 | 69 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 3 | NR |
| Pehlivanoglu et al. [41] | Turkey | Prospective | 2020 | IV | L | 21 | 11.1 | 27.4 | 71 | NR | 0.42 | 3.1 | NR | 0 |
| Abdullah et al. [29] | Canada | Retrospective | 2021 | III | L | 120 | 12.6 | 24 | 89 | 1 | 0.9 | NR | NR | NR |
| Baker et al. [30] | USA | Retrospective | 2021 | IV | L | 13 | 12.5 | 33 | 69 | NR | 0.8 | 2.9 | NR | 86 |
| Baroncini et al. [43] | Germany | Retrospective | 2021 | III | L | 45 | 13.2 | 24 | 84 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 5 | NR |
| Hoernschemeyer et al. [33] | USA | Prospective | 2021 | NR | M | 7 | NR | 24 | NR | NR | NR | 4.4 | 5 | NR |
| Miyanji et al. [44] | Canada | Retrospective | 2021 | III | L | 50 | 11.9 | 24 | 92 | 0 | 0.5 | NR | NR | NR |
| Rushton et al. [37] | Canada | Retrospective | 2021 | III | L | 104 | 12.7 | 37 | 92 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.4 | NR | 73 |
| Samdani et al. [31] | USA | Prospective | 2021 | IV | L | 57 | 12.4 | 55.2 | 86 | 0 | 0.47 | 3 | 3 | 85 |
| Yucekel et al. [38] | Turkey | Prospective | 2021 | II | L | 25 | 12.2 | 38.6 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 70 |
| Bernard et al. [39] | England | Retrospective | 2022 | IV | M | 8 | 12.6 | 64.5 | 100 | NR | 0.63 | NR | NR | NR |
| McDonald et al. [32] | USA | Retrospective | 2022 | IV | M | 51 | 12.3 | 24 | 80 | 0 | 0.4 | 3.1 | 3 | NR |
| Averages | 35.4 | 12.2 | 34.1 | 84.8 | 0 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 3 | 73.8 |