Table 1.
Description of study sample
| Characteristics | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Average Age (SD) [n = 649] | 24.55 (5.59) |
| Sex [n = 640] | |
| Male | 220 (34.38) |
| Female | 420 (65.63) |
| English as first language [n = 655] | |
| Yes | 572 (87.33) |
| No | 83 (12.67) |
| Education [n = 655] | |
| Up-to high school | 163 (24.89) |
| Trade or vocational | 201 (30.69) |
| Graduation or above | 291 (44.43) |
| Employment [n = 655] | |
| Unemployed | 134 (20.46) |
| Casual | 198 (30.23) |
| Part-time | 111 (16.95) |
| Full-time | 212 (32.39) |
| Problem Smartphone Use (MPPUS) [n = 655] | |
| Low to moderate | 194 (29.62) |
| Moderate to high | 301 (45.95) |
| High to severe | 160 (24.43) |
| Average sleep (hrs/d) at night (SD) [n = 652] | 7.12 (1.22) |
| Average sleep quality index (SD) [n = 652] | 7.51 (3.33) |
| Average depression score (SD) [n = 655] | 14.46 (11.35) |
| Average anxiety score (SD) [n = 655] | 9.47 (8.20) |
| Average stress score (SD) [n = 655] | 16.20 (10.05) |
SD: Standard deviation
Total may not be equal to 655 due to missing data