Table 2.
Univariable and Multivariable Odds Ratio of Infection
| Factors | Unadjusted Logistic Model | Adjusted Logistic Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age, per 10 y | 0.83 (0.77–0.91) | <.001 | 0.73 (0.66–0.82) | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1 | … | 1 | … |
| Male | 1.37 (1.02–1.87) | .038 | 1.2 (0.86–1.68) | .292 |
| Device type | ||||
| PM | 1 | … | 1 | … |
| CRT | 2.02 (1.41–2.84) | <.001 | 1.44 (0.95–2.12) | .075 |
| ICD | 1.24 (0.84–1.77) | .259 | 0.86 (0.56–1.3) | .481 |
| LPM | 0 (0–48.73) | .978 | … | … |
| S-ICD | 0 (0–12.91) | .977 | … | … |
| Generator replacement | ||||
| No | 1 | … | … | … |
| Yes | 0.5 (0.33–0.73) | … | … | .008 |
| Pampalon deprivation index, material | ||||
| 1 – Least deprived | 1 | … | … | … |
| 2 | 1.21 (0.72–2.06) | .477 | … | … |
| 3 | 1.1 (0.65–1.87) | .728 | … | … |
| 4 | 1.43 (0.89–2.35) | .149 | … | … |
| 5 – Most deprived | 1.35 (0.84–2.23) | .222 | … | … |
| Pampalon deprivation index, social | ||||
| 1 – Least deprived | 1 | … | … | … |
| 2 | 0.82 (0.46–1.46) | .51 | … | … |
| 3 | 1.16 (0.72–1.9) | .548 | … | … |
| 4 | 0.88 (0.54–1.44) | .606 | … | … |
| 5 – Most deprived | 0.93 (0.58–1.5) | .752 | … | … |
| Urban and rural residence | ||||
| Rural | 1 | … | … | … |
| Urban | 0.86 (0.61–1.25) | .417 | … | … |
| Index procedure year | ||||
| 2011 | 1 | … | 1 | … |
| 2012 | 1.08 (0.67–1.74) | .763 | 0.93 (0.56–1.55) | .779 |
| 2013 | 0.95 (0.58–1.56) | .845 | 0.83 (0.49–1.4) | .48 |
| 2014 | 0.8 (0.48–1.33) | .386 | 0.55 (0.3–0.97) | .041 |
| 2015 | 0.21 (0.09–0.44) | <.001 | 0.18 (0.07–0.38) | <.001 |
| 2016 | 0.48 (0.27–0.84) | .012 | 0.37 (0.19–0.68) | .002 |
| 2017 | 0.23 (0.1–0.46) | <.001 | 0.22 (0.1–0.45) | <.001 |
| 2018 | 0.57 (0.32–0.97) | .042 | 0.51 (0.29–0.9) | .022 |
| 2019 | 0.4 (0.22–0.72) | .003 | 0.39 (0.2–0.72) | .003 |
| Comorbidities, no. | ||||
| 0–1 | 1 | … | 1 | … |
| 2–3 | 4.19 (2.02–10.16) | <.001 | 4.16 (1.78–12.15) | .003 |
| 4–5 | 6.31 (3.05–15.3) | <.001 | 7.59 (3.26–22.17) | <.001 |
| 6+ | 15.63 (7.83–37.1) | <.001 | 18.15 (8.02–52.17) | <.001 |
| Elixhauser index | ||||
| −10–0 | 1 | … | … | … |
| 1–10 | 2.79 (0.87–17.06) | .153 | … | … |
| 11–20 | 5.82 (1.83–35.42) | .014 | … | … |
| 21–30 | 14.33 (4.44–87.71) | <.001 | … | … |
| 31–40 | 13.98 (3.67–91.19) | .001 | … | … |
| 41–50 | 43.48 (8.33–318) | <.001 | … | … |
| 51–58 | 168.5 (7.03–2,173.94) | <.001 | … | … |
Note. CI, confidence interval; PM, pacemaker; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD, implanted cardiac defibrillator; LPM, leadless pacemaker; S-ICD, subcutaneous implanted cardiac defibrillator.