Table 2.
RMR in spinal cord injury literature
| First Author (Year) | Group/Subgroup | LOI | AIS | TSI (years) | sd | n | Sex | Age (years) | sd | Height (cm) | sd | Weight (kg) | sd | Methods, Position | Rest time | Medical Device | Measured RMR (kcal/d) |
sd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexander et al. (1995) | Pressure Sore (Para) No Pressure Sore Para Control |
Complete/ Incomplete |
14 24 23 |
M M M |
53 50 54 |
3 3 3 |
182·0 180·0 172·0 |
1 1 1 |
74·0 84·6 79·0 |
4·2 3·6 3·0 |
RMR/Supine & Seated | 30 min. Minimum |
Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1891 RMR: 1780 RMR: 1751 |
97 62 55 |
|||
| Aquilani et al. (2001) | Para Control |
ASIA A | 10 5 |
M M/F |
42·1 27·6 |
18·7 7·7 |
64·8 54·3 |
11·3 4·9 |
RMR × Position not stated | not stated* | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1469 RMR: 1059 |
217 46 |
|||||
| Bauman et al. (2004) | All | C5-L2 | Complete/ Incomplete |
15 | 9 | 13 | M/F | 37 | 8·0 | 174 | 12 | 69·9 | 18 | BEE/Supine & REE/Seated | 30 min. Minimum |
Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1682 | 388 |
| Bauman et al. (2011) | TRT Control |
Tetra/ Para |
ASIA A-C ASIA A-C |
13 12 |
10 9 |
11 11 |
M M |
43 35 |
6·0 9·0 |
179 174 |
7 4 |
82·9 79·6 |
12·6 9·2 |
REE/Supine | 20 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1328 RMR: 1319 |
262 112 |
| Bucholz et al. (2003) | Male (Para) Female (Para) Complete Incomplete |
Para Para Para Para |
Complete/ Incomplete Complete Incomplete |
10·4 16·1 |
8·1 11·1 |
17 10 17 10 |
M F M/F M/F |
38·7 31·7 35·5 37·1 |
10·7 6·0 10 9·7 |
173 154 164 170 |
7·1 10·6 13·4 9·9 |
71·2 57·5 65·5 67·3 |
14·6 14·2 15·2 17·3 |
RMR/Supine | not stated* | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1555 RMR: 1245 RMR: 1417 RMR: 1480 |
165 176 214 249 |
| Bucholz et al. (2003) | Para Able-bodied Control |
Para | Complete/ Incomplete |
11 | 10 | 28 34 |
M/F | 33·9 29·1 |
9·2 7·6 |
164·5 173·0 |
13·0 10·2 |
65·5 70·7 |
16·3 10·6 |
RMR/Supine | not stated* | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1472 RMR: 1677 |
228 223 |
| Broad et al. (2020) | All | Complete/ Incomplete |
14 | M | 31·0 | 6·0 | 66·43 | 10·45 | REE/Supine | 30 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1735 | 257 | |||||
| Collins et al. (2010) | All Tetra Para |
C5-L4 C5-C8 T1-L4 |
ASIA A-D ASIA A-D ASIA A-D |
13·2 10·5 15·8 |
12·9 11·5 14·3 |
66 32 34 |
M M M |
52·3 53·0 51·6 |
8·4 14·3 12·3 |
178·0 178·7 177·3 |
7·0 6·8 7·1 |
76·5 78·2 74·9 |
17·8 18 17·6 |
RER/Supine | not stated* | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1422 RMR: 1411 RMR: 1433 |
273 315 233 |
| Tanhoffer et al. (2012) | All | C4-T12 | ASIA A-C | 10 | 8 | 14 | M/F | 40 | 13 | 181 | 79 | 15 | BMR/Supine | 30 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1433 | 228 | |
| Fellieter et al. (2017) | All Tetra Para |
C4-T12 | ASIA A-C | 8 16 |
M/F | 32·0 42·1 |
12·3 14·3 |
175·6 180·3 |
7·2 5·3 |
73·1 76·6 |
4·9 3·4 |
REE/Supine | 15 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1582 | 241 | ||
| Gorgey et al. (2012) | All Exercise + Diet Diet |
C5-T11 C5-T10 T4-T11 |
ASIA A-B ASIA A-B ASIA A-B |
12·4 16 8 |
9·4 9 10 |
9 5 4 |
M M M |
35 36 33 |
9 9 10 |
74·9 74 76 |
11·3 14 8 |
RMR/Supine | 20–30 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1554 RMR: 1363 RMR: 1793 |
250 132 397 |
||
| Hayes et al. (2002) | SCI Able-bodied control |
Tetra/ Para |
7 7 |
M/F M/F |
35·9 36·0 |
7·9 6·8 |
175 | 68·5 68·4 |
23·1 25·2 |
REE/Supine | not stated* | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1390 RMR: 1491 |
245 346 |
||||
| Holmlund et al. (2018) | Tetra Para |
C5-C8 T7-T12 |
ASIA A-B | 15·3 15·8 |
10·9 11·3 |
26 38 |
M/F M/F |
41·5 43·0 |
14 11·5 |
178 177 |
0·09 0·10 |
65·3 73·7 |
12·9 15·1 |
REE/Supine | not stated* | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1132 RMR: 1218 |
217 244 |
| Jeon et al. (2003) | SCI Able-bodied control |
C5-C7 | 7 7 |
M M |
38·3 38·0 |
3·1 4·4 |
178 176·4 |
8·6 3·1 |
86·5 91·7 |
7 4·3 |
RMR/Supine | 30 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1451 RMR: 1848 |
241 258 |
|||
| Lee et al. (1985) | All (Para) Hypometabolic Normometabolic Hypermetabolic |
T4-L2 | Complete/ Incomplete |
17·8 15·6 19·3 18·6 |
12·3 9·3 14·3 12·0 |
17 6 5 6 |
M M M M |
42·8 44·2 41·0 48·3 |
12·7 14·6 5·2 15·5 |
177·8 178·0 175·3 180·3 |
6·0 8·9 4·5 5·9 |
73·9 81·4 77·1 63·7 |
15·7 12·7 18·5 8·9 |
REE × Position not stated | not stated* | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1602 RMR: 1588 RMR: 1757 RMR: 1786 |
232 209 283 255 |
| Liu et al. (1996) | P Ulcer (Tetra) NP Ulcer (Tetra) Control (Able-bodied) |
10 15 |
2 3 |
16 16 16 |
M M M |
40 40 43 |
3 2 3 |
178 177 173 |
2 1 2 |
80·1 75·6 82·9 |
6·5 3·7 4·3 |
REE/Seated | 30 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1775 RMR: 1538 RMR: 1847 |
74 66 67 |
||
| Monroe et al. (1998) | Control (Able-bodied) SCI |
C6-L3 | Frankel A | 9 | 2 | 59 10 |
M M |
31·9 35·5 |
7·1 8·0 |
176·8 179·7 |
6·9 5·4 |
89·9 70·1 |
23·6 17·2 |
RMR/Supine | not stated* | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 2211 RMR: 1756 |
317 64 |
| Nightingale et al. (2017) | All | T1-L4 | ASIA A-B | 15 | 10 | 33 | M/F | 44 | 9 | 76·1 | 12·5 | RMR/Supine | 20 min | Douglas Bag | RMR: 1481 | 32 | ||
| Pelly et al. (2017) | Para Able-Bodied Control |
T3-L5 | Complete/ Incomplete |
7 7 |
M M |
31·3 32·7 |
7·3 7·2 |
173·1 179·4 |
18·5 5·4 |
72·0 76·1 |
15·2 8·5 |
REE/Supine | 10–20 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1538 RMR: 1664 |
139 34 |
||
| Perret & Stoffel-Kurt (2011) | Acute Chronic |
C5-T12 | ASIA A-B | 0·44 4·6 |
0·20 1·8 |
12 12 |
M/F M/F |
27·7 28·8 |
7·1 6·5 |
178·3 174·7 |
7·9 6·1 |
69·8 66·4 |
12·2 14·5 |
REE/Supine | 5–10 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1414 RMR: 1304 |
327 232 |
| Sedlock and Laventure (1990) | All | T4-L1 | 7·4 | 3·3 | 4 | M | 27·7 | 2·3 | 180·5 | 2·5 | 73·3 | 4·9 | RMR/Supine | 60 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1530 | 330 | |
| Spungen et al. (1993) | All | Para | 10 | 2 | 12 | M | 42 | 3 | 179 | 2 | 87·6 | 4·2 | RMR/Seated | 30 min | Metabolic Cart | RMR: 1854 | 70 |
SCI, spinal cord injury; REE, resting energy expenditure; BEE, basal energy expenditure; LOI, level of injury; AIS, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale; TSI, time since injury; Para, paraplegia; Tetra, tetraplegia; P, pressure; NP, no pressure; TRT, testosterone replacement therapy.
Blank spaces indicate data was not provided in the study; data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.