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. 2023 Oct 6;10:1272728. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1272728

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Copyright © 2023 Ohara, Suda, Kohya, Sasaki, Yoda, Yoshida, Fu, Yang, Hosoda, Maehara, Ohnishi, Tokuchi, Kitagataya, Kawagishi, Nakai, Sho, Natsuizaka, Ogawa and Sakamoto.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Survival rates stratified according to fluid retention (A) Among patients without ascites or pleural effusion, Kaplan–Meier analysis is performed to stratify patients with and without muscle atrophy and high SAT radiodensity. The median overall survival is 1.80 years in patients with both muscle atrophy and high SAT radiodensity and 6.03 years in the other patients. Patients with both muscle atrophy and with high SAT radiodensity tend to have a poorer prognosis than the other patients (log-rank p-value = 0.115; crude Cox regression HR: 2.05, 95% CI: 0.58–7.19). (B) Among patients with ascites or pleural effusion, Kaplan–Meier analysis is performed to stratify patients with and without muscle atrophy and high SAT radiodensity. The median overall survival is 0.40 years in patients with both muscle atrophy and high SAT radiodensity and not reached in the other patients. Patients with both muscle atrophy and with high SAT radiodensity have a poorer prognosis than the other patients (log-rank p-value <0.001; crude Cox regression HR: 6.55, 95% CI: 1.24–34.7). CI, confidence interval; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue.

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