Table 3.
The descriptive statistics of the study variables.
| Variables | Scale | Mean | Deviation | Minimum | Maximum | Median | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REMSG | Residual | −0.029 | 0.972 | −2.622 | 3.269 | 2.453 | 0.185 | 0.530 |
| REMPROD | Residual | 0.000 | 0.087 | −0.349 | 0.349 | 0.234 | 0.000 | 2.078 |
| REMCFO | Residual | 0.000 | 0.086 | −0.350 | 0.350 | 0.268 | 0.000 | 2.304 |
| AEM | Residual | 0.307 | 1.123 | −5.501 | 3.450 | 0.107 | 0.036 | −2.017 |
| ACEXP | Percentage | 50.575 | 48.182 | 0 | 100 | 66.666 | −0.040 | −1.947 |
| ACSIZE | People | 1.745 | 1.657 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0.096 | −1.461 |
| INCO | Percentage | 38.575 | 36.981 | 0 | 100 | 60 | 0.095 | −1.613 |
| SIZE | Logarithm | 14.183 | 1.454 | 10.671 | 18.817 | 13.953 | 0.894 | 1.172 |
| ROA | Ratio | 0.175 | 0.166 | −0.255 | 0.674 | 0.161 | 0.361 | 0.215 |
| LEV | Ratio | 0.618 | 0.289 | 0.089 | 2.773 | 0.618 | 2.680 | 16.754 |
| MB | Ratio | 2.503 | 5.124 | −51.785 | 29.494 | 2.238 | −5.474 | 65.677 |
| CFO | Million rials | 1026290 | 3438355 | −2499452 | 24765735 | 142328 | 1.338 | 9.581 |
| SG | Ratio | 0.288 | 0.357 | −0.546 | 2.732 | 0.292 | 1.338 | 9.581 |
| LNAGE | Logarithm | 2.359 | 0.657 | 0.693 | 3.688 | 2.484 | −0.028 | −0.587 |