Table 2.

Types, benefits and enablers.

The enablers, types, and benefits of collaboration between academics and industry practitioners
Types of collaboration	Benefits of collaboration Academics
Collaborative research Exploring new ideas, grant projects, solving industry problems, and co-publishing research Collaboration involving students Projects, sponsorships, and internships Innovation and commercialisation Product development Collaborative teaching and learning Sharing facilities	Enhanced research impact Solving real-world problems Validation of thinking Balanced research Project management skills Learning opportunities Exposure to experts in the field Business experience Networking skills Time management skills Improved teaching Opportunities to offer industry courses Access to guest lecturers Financial benefits Research income Contribution to product development Access to equipment Royalties from licenses and patents Enhanced reputation Career progression International exposure Licensing, patenting Reduced risk Practitioners: Research opportunities Academic rigor Co-authoring academic publications Teaching and learning opportunities Personal development/teaching Support with problem solving Innovation and testing innovative ideas Financial benefits Tax breaks Share price Access to resources Licenses, patents World academic experts University facilities and equipment Research students Good students in internship programs Credibility and reputation Legitimize work Owning IP on a patent
Enablers of collaboration Relationship Academics build rapport before asking for money Industry people reach out to universities Passionate people Understanding and respecting each other's interests Aligned values and mutual respect Strong personal relationships and networks Effective communication Flexibility, openness, and trust Protecting current relationships Time to build a relationship Institutional Universities valuing applied research Drive to commercialise research outputs Constant search for collaboration opportunities Industry engagement skills of academic staff Incentivizing collaboration Stakeholder engagement One point of contact- enterprise hub Output Academics who also have industry experience Entrepreneurial academics The industry person understands academia Industry is willing to be led by the university Burning platform Investigating the right topic Framework Company has a research budget Buy-in from management