Table 2.
The association of positive screening for ADHD and PTSD with PLEs after controlling for the effects of potential confounding factors.
| Model | Independent variable | Dependent variable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLEs | DLEs | HLEs | ||
| Model 1 (ADHD + PTSD) |
ADHD |
F = 158.342, p < 0.001 |
F = 156.648, p < 0.001 |
F = 74.281, p < 0.001 |
| PTSD |
F = 132.799, p < 0.001 |
F = 120.507, p < 0.001 |
F = 75.018, p < 0.001 |
|
| ADHD × PTSD |
F = 16.329, p < 0.001 |
F = 12.461, p < 0.001 |
F = 12.558, p < 0.001 |
|
| Model 2 (ADHD + PTSD + sociodemographic characteristics) |
ADHD |
F = 153.580, p < 0.001 |
F = 149.833, p < 0.001 |
F = 74.112, p < 0.001 |
| PTSD |
F = 129.647, p < 0.001 |
F = 115.684 p < 0.001 |
F = 75.365 p < 0.001 |
|
| ADHD × PTSD |
F = 15.672, p < 0.001 |
F = 11.589, p < 0.001 |
F = 12.570, p < 0.001 |
|
| Age |
F = 8.012, p = 0.005 |
F = 7.084, p = 0.008 |
F = 4.741, p = 0.030 |
|
| Gender |
F = 4.171, p = 0.041 |
F = 1.350, p = 0.245 |
F = 7.636, p = 0.006 |
|
| Education |
F = 38.976 p < 0.001 |
F = 55.627, p < 0.001 |
F = 5.318, p = 0.021 |
|
| Vocational status |
F = 2.151, p = 0.143 |
F = 1.361, p = 0.243 |
F = 2.138, p = 0.144 |
|
| Model 3 (ADHD + PTSD + sociodemographic characteristics + depression + substance use) |
ADHD |
F = 52.723, p < 0.001 |
F = 49.430, p < 0.001 |
F = 25.376, p < 0.001 |
| PTSD |
F = 65.350, p < 0.001 |
F = 54.156, p < 0.001 |
F = 39.746, p < 0.001 |
|
| ADHD × PTSD |
F = 12.808, p < 0.001 |
F = 8.826, p = 0.003 |
F = 10.354, p = 0.001 |
|
| Age |
F = 10.063, p < 0.001 |
F = 8.984, p = 0.003 |
F = 5.343, p = 0.021 |
|
| Gender |
F = 13.752, p < 0.001 |
F = 7.846, p = 0.005 |
F = 14.036, p < 0.001 |
|
| Education |
F = 32.333, p < 0.001 |
F = 48.866, p < 0.001 |
F = 3.022, p = 0.082 |
|
| Vocational status |
F = 1.081, p = 0.299 |
F = 0.492, p = 0.483 |
F = 1.380, p = 0.240 |
|
| Depression |
F = 540.563, p < 0.001 |
F = 572.34, p < 0.001 |
F = 196.916, p < 0.001 |
|
| Substance use |
F = 8.755, p = 0.003 |
F = 5.811, p = 0.016 |
F = 7.443 p = 0.006 |
|
ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; DLEs, delusion-like experiences; HLEs, hallucination-like experiences; PLEs, psychotic-like experiences; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.