Table 1.
Genes regulating iron metabolism and their regulation of ferroptosis.
| Gene | Impact on iron metabolism | Impact on Ferroptosis |
|---|---|---|
| ATGs | Promoting ferritin degradation (62) | Promoting ferroptosis (63, 64) |
| NCOA4 | Promoting the transfer of ferritin to lysosomes (65) | Promoting ferroptosis (66, 67) |
| IRPs | Increasing the expression of TFR1 (73) Increasing the expression of DMT1 ( 74) Inhibiting the translation of ferritin mRNA (75) |
Promoting ferroptosis (76, 77) |
| HSPs | Inhibiting TFR1-mediated iron uptake (81) Reducing GPX4 protein degradation (84) Promoting the degradation of GSH and GPX4 (85, 87) |
Ferroptosis can be both promoted and inhibited (83, 87, 93) |
| PCBPs | Promoting iron loading into ferritin (29, 93) Inhibiting the activation of ferritin autophagy (95) Binding and stabilizing the expression of SLC7A11 mRNA (96) |
Inhibiting ferroptosis (94–96) |
| Hepcidin | Inducing ubiquitination and endocytosis of FPN (97) Blocking FPNfrom opening the central cavity (98) |
Promoting ferroptosis (100, 101) |
| NRF2 | Inhibiting the release of free iron from ferritin (102) Inhibiting the expression of hepcidin (103) Promoting the expression of iron-related enzymes (104) Downregulating the expression of DMT1 ( 105) |
Inhibiting ferroptosis (106, 107) |
ATGs, autophagy associated genes; NCOA4, nuclear receptor coactivator 4; IRPs, iron response element binding proteins; HSPs, heat shock proteins; PCBPs, poly(rC)-binding proteins; NRF2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.