Table 1.
Clinico-pathological characteristics and associations of CAYA DTC with and without lung metastasis.
| Total (n = 170) | M0 (n = 143) | M1 (n = 27) | p value | Sens | Spec | PPV | NPV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, years (mean ± SD) | 14.9 ± 3.0 | 15.1 ± 3.0 | 13.7 ± 2.7 | 0.0253 | ||||
| ≤ 15 years | 86 (50.6%) | 65 (45.5%) | 21 (77.8%) | 0.0016 | 77.8% | 54.6% | 24.4% | 92.9% |
| 16 – 18 years | 84 (49.4%) | 78 (54.5%) | 6 (22.2%) | |||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 43 (25.3%) | 35 (24.5%) | 8 (29.6%) | 0.5774 | 29.6% | 75.5% | 18.6% | 85.0% |
| Female | 127 (74.7%) | 108 (75.5%) | 19 (70.4%) | |||||
| Tumor diameter (cm) | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 3.9 ± 2.3 | 0.0572 | ||||
| Histologic subtype | ||||||||
| FTC | 13 (7.7%) | 13 (9.1%) | 0 | 0.0302 | ||||
| PTC | 157 (92.3%) | 130 (90.9%) | 27 (100%) | |||||
| PTC subtypes | ||||||||
| Classical variant | 103 (65.6%) | 88 (67.7%) | 15 (55.6%) | 0.3001 | ||||
| Follicular variant | 26 (16.6%) | 20 (15.4%) | 6 (22.2%) | |||||
| Tall cell variant | 8 (5.1%) | 7 (5.4%) | 1 (3.7%) | |||||
| Diffuse sclerosing variant | 10 (6.4%) | 6 (4.6%) | 4 (14.8%) | |||||
| Solid variant | 4 (2.5%) | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (3.7%) | |||||
| Oncocytic variant | 2 (1.3%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0 | |||||
| Columnar cell variant | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 | |||||
| Mixed | 3 (1.9%) | 3 (2.3%) | 0 | |||||
| Tumor laterality | ||||||||
| Unilateral | 111 (67.7%) | 98 (71.5%) | 13 (48.2%) | 0.0209 | 51.8% | 71.5% | 26.4% | 88.3% |
| Bilateral | 53 (32.3%) | 39 (28.5%) | 14 (51.8%) | |||||
| Tumor focality | ||||||||
| Unifocal | 79 (47.9%) | 71 (51.5%) | 8 (29.6%) | 0.0352 | 70.4% | 51.5% | 22.1% | 89.9% |
| Multifocal | 86 (52.1%) | 67 (48.5%) | 19 (70.4%) | |||||
| Extrathyroidal extension | ||||||||
| Present | 79 (50.6%) | 58 (45.0%) | 21 (77.8%) | 0.0015 | 77.8% | 55.0% | 26.6% | 92.2% |
| Absent | 77 (49.4%) | 71 (55.0%) | 6 (22.2%) | |||||
| pT | ||||||||
| T1 and T2 | 99 (58.2%) | 87 (60.8%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.1823 | 45.5% | 69.1% | 20.4% | 87.9% |
| T3 and T4 | 49 (28.8%) | 39 (27.3%) | 10 (37.1%) | |||||
| pN | ||||||||
| N0 | 32 (22.9%) | 30 (26.3%) | 2 (7.7) | 0.0413 | 92.3% | 26.3% | 22.2% | 93.8% |
| N1 | 108 (77.1%) | 84 (73.7%) | 24 (92.3%) | |||||
| Pre-operative Tg | ||||||||
| High | 15 (31.9%) | 9 (22%) | 6 (100%) | 0.0005 | 100% | 78.1% | 40% | 100% |
| Low | 32 (68.1%) | 32 (78%) | 0 | |||||
| Post-operative sTg | ||||||||
| High | 96 (66.7%) | 75 (61.5%) | 21 (95.4%) | 0.0004 | 95.4% | 38.5% | 21.9% | 97.9% |
| Low | 48 (33.3%) | 47 (38.5%) | 1 (4.6%) | |||||
| BRAF mutation | ||||||||
| Present | 28 (23.9%) | 28 (28.6%) | 0 | 0.0062 | 0% | 71.4% | 0% | 78.6% |
| Absent | 89 (76.1%) | 70 (71.4%) | 19 (100%) | |||||
| NRAS mutation | ||||||||
| Present | 4 (4.0%) | 4 (4.7%) | 0 | 1.0000 | 0% | 95.3% | 0% | 84.4% |
| Absent | 96 (96.0%) | 81 (95.3%) | 15 (100.0%) | |||||
| HRAS mutation | ||||||||
| Present | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Absent | 103 (100.0%) | 87 (100.0%) | 16 (100.0%) | |||||
| KRAS mutation | ||||||||
| Present | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Absent | 101 (100.0%) | 85 (100.0%) | 16 (100.0%) | |||||
| TERT mutation | ||||||||
| Present | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 | 1.0000 | 0% | 98.9% | 0% | 83.8% |
| Absent | 105 (99.1%) | 88 (98.9%) | 17 (100%) | |||||
| NTRK3 fusion | ||||||||
| Present | 8 (11.8%) | 4 (7.3%) | 4 (30.8%) | 0.0379 | 30.8% | 92.7% | 50% | 85% |
| Absent | 60 (88.2%) | 51 (92.7%) | 9 (69.2%) | |||||
CAYA, Children and young adults; DTC, Differentiated thyroid cancer; SD, Standard deviation; cm, centimeter; FTC, Follicular thyroid cancer; PTC, Papillary thyroid cancer; sTg, stimulated thyroglobulin.